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Microsatellite marker-based diversity and population genetic analysis of selected lowland and mid-altitude maize landrace accessions of India

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology volume 22, pages 392–400 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) harbours significant genetic diversity not only in its centre of origin (Mexico) but also in several countries worldwide, including India, in the form of landraces. In this study, DNA fingerprinting of 48 landrace accessions from diverse regions of India was undertaken using 42 fluorescent dye-labeled Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, followed by allele resolution using DNA sequencer and analysis of molecular diversity within and among these landraces. The study revealed a large number of alleles (550), with high mean number of alleles per locus (13.1), and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.60, reflecting the level of diversity in the landrace accessions. Besides identification of 174 unique alleles in 44 accessions, six highly frequent SSR alleles were detected at six loci (phi014, phi090, phi112, umc1367, phi062 and umc1266) with individual frequencies greater than 0.75, indicating that chromosomal regions harboring these SSR alleles are not selectively neutral. F statistics revealed very high genetic differentiation, population subdivision and varying levels of inbreeding in the landraces. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed that 63 % of the total variation in the accessions could be attributed to within-population diversity, and 37 % represented between population diversity. Cluster analysis of SSR data using Nei’s genetic distance and UPGMA revealed considerable genetic diversity in these populations, although no clear separation of accessions was observed based on their geographic origin.

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

PIC:

Polymorphism Information Content

AMOVA:

Analysis of Molecular Variance

UPGMA:

Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic means

H o :

Observed heterozygosity

H e :

Expected heterozygosity

F :

Inbreeding coefficient

A :

Number of alleles per locus

A e :

Effective number of alleles

GD:

Genetic distances

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Acknowledgements

The study was undertaken as a part of the ICAR National Fellow Project (2005–2010) awarded to BMP. The authors thank the Division of Germplasm Conservation, NBPGR, New Delhi (especially Dr Kalyani Srinivasan) for providing seed material of some landrace accessions used in this study.

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Author notes

  1. Samanthi K. Wasala

    Present address: Plant Genetic Resource Centre, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka

  2. B. M. Prasanna

    Present address: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Samanthi K. Wasala & B. M. Prasanna

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  1. Samanthi K. Wasala
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  2. B. M. Prasanna
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Correspondence to B. M. Prasanna.

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Wasala, S.K., Prasanna, B.M. Microsatellite marker-based diversity and population genetic analysis of selected lowland and mid-altitude maize landrace accessions of India. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 22, 392–400 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-012-0167-5

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Keywords

  • Genetic diversity
  • India
  • Landraces
  • Population structure
  • Zea mays L