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Simulation et gestion de crise

Simulation and crisis resource management

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Réanimation

Résumé

Les facteurs humains caractérisent la façon dont les individus interagissent entre eux et avec leurs environnements. L’analyse des erreurs médicales met en évidence qu’au sein des facteurs humains, les dimensions psychologique, cognitive et organisationnelle sont directement liées à la qualité des soins. C’est pourquoi, au-delà de l’acquisition de connaissances, de la maîtrise de procédures et de gestes techniques, les soignants doivent être en mesure de fonctionner de manière performante au sein d’une équipe afin de mettre en place une démarche thérapeutique adaptée. La simulation est une méthode efficace pour former les professionnels de santé à ces capacités qualifiées de « non techniques ». Les situations reconstruites en simulation offrent un espace sécurisé d’entraînement, d’évaluation et d’échanges qui permet aux professionnels de santé d’être confrontés à des situations critiques, de développer des compétences et d’améliorer leurs performances. À travers une revue sélective de la littérature, les auteurs présentent des données utiles à la promotion et au développement des activités de formation au travail en équipe, à la gestion de crise, dans les centres de simulation ou au sein des services de soins critiques (réanimation, soins intensifs, médecine d’urgence et anesthésie).

Abstract

Human factors characterize how individuals interact with their environments. Analysis of medical errors shows that among human factors, psychological, cognitive, and organizational features are directly related to the quality of care. Therefore, in addition to knowledge and control of technical procedures, care providers should be able to operate within a successful team aiming at developing an adapted therapeutic approach. Simulation is an effective method to train health professionals to these called “non-technical” skills. Various situations provided by simulation offer secured possibilities for training, assessment, and discussion that enable healthcare professionals to face critical situations, develop competences, and improve performance. Based on a literature review, the authors present useful data for the development and promotion of teamwork training in crisis management in simulation centres as well as critical care departments including intensive care, emergency medicine, and anaesthesia departments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de simulation en santé (CESIM Santé), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29238, Brest cedex, France

    M. Jaffrelot

  2. Laboratoire de pédagogie de la santé (EA 3412), Université Paris 13-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

    M. Jaffrelot

  3. Centre de compétences et de simulation, 752 Parkdale avenue et département d’anesthésiologie de l’hôpital d’Ottawa et académie pour l’innovation en éducation médicale de la Faculté de médecine d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    M. Jaffrelot & S. Boet

  4. Safety Management System, BritAir Aéroport, CS 27925, F-29679, Morlaix cedex, France

    A. Di Cioccio

  5. Laboratoire LabsTicc, Université de Bretagne, rue de Saint-Maudé, F-56321, Lorient cedex, France

    A. Di Cioccio

  6. cognition et communication (CRPCC, E.A.1285), Université Rennes 2, centre de recherche en psychologie, place du recteur Henri Le Moal, CS 24307, F-35043, Rennes cedex, France

    E. Michinov

  7. Centre Apprentiss (centre de simulation), Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada

    G. Chiniara

Authors
  1. M. Jaffrelot
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  2. S. Boet
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  3. A. Di Cioccio
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  4. E. Michinov
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  5. G. Chiniara
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Correspondence to M. Jaffrelot.

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Jaffrelot, M., Boet, S., Di Cioccio, A. et al. Simulation et gestion de crise. Réanimation 22, 569–576 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-013-0704-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-013-0704-9

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