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La simulation en anesthésie-réanimation: outil pédagogique et d’amélioration de la prise en charge des patients

Simulation in healthcare: a new teaching method to improve patient safety and quality of care

  • Enseignement Supérieur en Réanimation
  • Published:
Réanimation

Résumé

La simulation est une nouvelle forme d’apprentissage de la pratique médicale, dont l’objectif est de mettre en oeuvre une pratique et/ou un comportement avant leur utilisation dans le soin quotidien. La simulation peut prendre des formes très variées, allant de la reproduction d’une consultation ou d’un épisode relationnel avec un patient jusqu’à l’emploi d’un matériel de haute technologie robotisé ou non. La forme la plus connue est l’emploi d’un mannequin dit « haute-fidélité » qui est utilisé dans l’apprentissage des gestes d’urgence et des situations critiques. L’emploi de la simulation comme méthode pédagogique nécessite une formation spécifique des formateurs (notamment pour réaliser un débriefing de bonne qualité) et pose des questions nouvelles de nature docimologique. L’emploi de la simulation peut être utile à tous les niveaux de formation et deviendra aussi probablement un outil de formation du personnel non médical. La démonstration formelle d’un bénéfice pour le patient et de sa valeur médicoéconomique reste encore à construire.

Abstract

Simulation in medicine is a new method for teaching medical practice which aims at testing practice and/or behavior before its first use in real life. Simulation is based on various techniques and methods: from the simplest reproduction of patient-physician encounter to high-technology robotic devices. The most well-known technique is based on high-reliability mannequins used to teach critical situations. Simulation use as a teaching method requires specific teaching of instructors (particularly to perform well during debriefing sessions) and questions teaching methods and evaluation of students’ performance. Simulation can be useful whatever the underlying knowledge is and may increasingly be used even for non-medical personnel. The benefit of simulation as an important tool in increasing patients’ safety and quality of care remains elusive. Further research is still needed to assess its efficiency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service d’anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

    D. Benhamou, P. Roulleau & F. Trabold

Authors
  1. D. Benhamou
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  2. P. Roulleau
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  3. F. Trabold
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Correspondence to D. Benhamou.

Additional information

Cet article correspond à la conférence faite par l’auteur au congrès de la SRLF 2013 dans la session: Pourquoi simuler.

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Benhamou, D., Roulleau, P. & Trabold, F. La simulation en anesthésie-réanimation: outil pédagogique et d’amélioration de la prise en charge des patients. Réanimation 22 (Suppl 2), 383–390 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-012-0631-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-012-0631-1

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