Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Potentials of Smart dynamometer use for clinical and self-management of rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors: a feasibility study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomedical Engineering Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of the Smart dynamometer as a rehabilitation exercise device in a daily care by comparing with the existing medical devices. We used and analyzed clinical and measurement data of breast cancer survivors who have used Smart dynamometer during their rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery. The Smart dynamometer was compared with the two existing devices of Takei dynamometer and surface electromyography (sEMG) that were used in routine care, respectively. Three key components of the rehabilitation exercise devices were analyzed to validate the feasibility of the Smart dynamometer: grip strength, reaction time, and grip endurance time. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to compare the statistical significance between the devices. The data of 12 and 15 female breast cancer patients were analyzed for comparing the Smart dynamometer with Takei dynamometer and sEMG, respectively. There was a very weak correlation between the maximum values from the Takei and the Smart dynamometers in the affected and non-affected arms of breast cancer patients (r = 0.5321, 0.4733). Comparisons of 3 features between the Smart dynamometer and sEMG showed that there were strong positive correlations for both reaction time and endurance time in the affected and non-affected arms (r > 0.9). The feasibility of the Smart dynamometer for the possible use in a daily rehabilitation exercise was partially verified. Moreover, since the Smart dynamometer was highly correlated with time-related variables, it was important and significant to measure both grip strength and time-related information.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. DiSipio T, Rye S, Newman B, Hayes S. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(6):500–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lacomba MT, Sánchez MJY, Goñi ÁZ, Merino DP, del Moral OM, Téllez EC, et al. Effectiveness of early physiotherapy to prevent lymphoedema after surgery for breast cancer: randomised, single blinded, clinical trial. BMJ. 2010;340:b5396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Keilani M, Hasenoehrl T, Neubauer M, Crevenna R. Resistance exercise and secondary lymphedema in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(4):1907–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lee D, Hwang JH, Chu I, Chang HJ, Shim YH, Kim JH. Analysis of factors related to arm weakness in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(8):2297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Troxel A, Cheville A, Smith R, Lewis-Grant L, et al. Weight lifting in women with breast-cancer–related lymphedema. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(7):664–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cormie P, Pumpa K, Galvão DA, Turner E, Spry N, Saunders C, et al. Is it safe and efficacious for women with lymphedema secondary to breast cancer to lift heavy weights during exercise: a randomised controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(3):413–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cheema B, Gaul CA, Lane K, Singh MAF. Progressive resistance training in breast cancer: a systematic review of clinical trials. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;109(1):9–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ahmed RL, Thomas W, Yee D, Schmitz KH. Randomized controlled trial of weight training and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18):2765–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Schmidt ME, Wiskemann J, Armbrust P, Schneeweiss A, Ulrich CM, Steindorf K. Effects of resistance exercise on fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(2):471–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. McNeely ML, Campbell KL, Rowe BH, Klassen TP, Mackey JR, Courneya KS. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Med Assoc J. 2006;175(1):34–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Mackey JR, Gelmon K, Reid RD, Friedenreich CM, et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(28):4396–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kampshoff CS, Jansen F, van Mechelen W, May AM, Brug J, Chinapaw MJ, et al. Determinants of exercise adherence and maintenance among cancer survivors: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11(1):80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Husebø AML, Karlsen B, Allan H, Søreide JA, Bru E. Factors perceived to influence exercise adherence in women with breast cancer participating in an exercise programme during adjuvant chemotherapy: a focus group study. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(3–4):500–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Blaney J, Lowe-Strong A, Rankin J, Campbell A, Allen J, Gracey J. The cancer rehabilitation journey: barriers to and facilitators of exercise among patients with cancer-related fatigue. Phys Ther. 2016;90(8):1135–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Schmid D, Leitzmann M. Association between physical activity and mortality among breast cancer and colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(7):1293–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Greenlee H, Balneaves LG, Carlson LE, Cohen M, Deng G, Hershman D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines on the use of integrative therapies as supportive care in patients treated for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2014;2014(50):346–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stone P, Hardy J, Broadley K, Kurowska A, A’Hern R. Fatigue in advanced cancer: a prospective controlled cross-sectional study. Br J Cancer. 1999;79(9–10):1479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Benzeval M, Deary IJ, Dennison EM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e113637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Morishita S, Kaida K, Tanaka T, Itani Y, Ikegame K, Okada M, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and relevance of body composition, physiological function, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in patients before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20(12):3161–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fess EE. ASHT clinical assessment recommendations. 2nd ed. Chicago: The Society; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  21. España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Artero EG, Rey JP, Ruiz JR. Elbow position affects handgrip strength in adolescents: validity and reliability of Jamar, DynEx, and TKK dynamometers. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):272–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Delagi EF, Perotto A. Anatomic guide for the electromyographer: the limbs. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Finneran A, O’Sullivan L. Effects of grip type and wrist posture on forearm EMG activity, endurance time and movement accuracy. Int J Ind Ergon. 2013;43(1):91–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rose W. Electromyogram analysis. Online course material, University of Delaware. 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2016.

  25. De Luca CJ, Adam A, Wotiz R, Gilmore LD, Nawab SH. Decomposition of surface EMG signals. J Neurophysiol. 2006;96(3):1646–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mallat SG. A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 1989;11(7):674–93.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Polikar R. The wavelet tutorial. New Jersey: Rowan University; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Liu C-L. A tutorial of the wavelet transform. Taiwan: NTUEE; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Canny J. A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 1986;6:679–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Owusu C, Margevicius S, Schluchter M, Koroukian SM, Berger NA. Short physical performance battery, usual gait speed, grip strength and vulnerable elders survey each predict functional decline among older women with breast cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2017;8(5):356–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):423–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bohannon RW. Hand-grip dynamometry predicts future outcomes in aging adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2008;31(1):3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Frederiksen H, Hjelmborg J, Mortensen J, Mcgue M, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Age trajectories of grip strength: cross-sectional and longitudinal data among 8,342 Danes aged 46 to 102. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16(7):554–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Arvandi M, Strasser B, Meisinger C, Volaklis K, Gothe RM, Siebert U, et al. Gender differences in the association between grip strength and mortality in older adults: results from the KORA-age study. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Strandkvist VJ, Backman H, Röding J, Stridsman C, Lindberg A. Hand grip strength is associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second among subjects with COPD: report from a population-based cohort study. Int J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2016;11:2527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Hayes S, Battistutta D, Newman B. Objective and subjective upper body function six months following diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;94(1):1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hayes SC, Rye S, Battistutta D, Newman B. Prevalence of upper-body symptoms following breast cancer and its relationship with upper-body function and lymphoedema. Lymphology. 2010;43(4):178–87.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Metter EJ, Schrager M, Ferrucci L, Talbot LA. Evaluation of movement speed and reaction time as predictors of all-cause mortality in men. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(7):840–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Rietman JS, Dijkstra PU, Debreczeni R, Geertzen JH, Robinson DP, de Vries J. Impairments, disabilities and health related quality of life after treatment for breast cancer: a follow-up study 2.7 years after surgery. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(2):78–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Yao C. Executive functioning in women with breast cancer: a longitudinal examination of intraindividual variability in reaction time. Toronto: York University; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hamilton A, Balnave R, Adams R. Grip strength testing reliability. J Hand Ther. 1994;7(3):163–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Innes E. Handgrip strength testing: a review of the literature. Aust Occup Ther J. 1999;46(3):120–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Wichelhaus A, Harms C, Neumann J, Ziegler S, Kundt G, Prommersberger KJ, et al. Parameters influencing hand grip strength measured with the manugraphy system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by SK Telecom Co. Ltd. and partly supported by IT R&D Program of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and the Creative Industrial Technology Development Program (10053249, Development of Personalized Healthcare System exploiting User Life-Log and Open Government Data for Business Service Model Proof on Whole Life Cycle Care) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Seungjin Kang and Sooyoung Yoo have contributed equally to this work as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Healthcare ICT Research Center, Office of eHealth Research and Businesses, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea

    Seungjin Kang, Sooyoung Yoo & Hyunyoung Baek

  2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173, Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620, Republic of Korea

    Junheon Lee & Eun Joo Yang

  3. Department of Applied Computer Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea

    Younggeun Choi

  4. NEOFECT, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea

    Hyangjung Kim & Hyoseok Yi

Authors
  1. Seungjin Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sooyoung Yoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hyunyoung Baek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junheon Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Younggeun Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hyangjung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hyoseok Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Eun Joo Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eun Joo Yang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical statement

This study was funded by SK Telecom Co. Ltd. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This was a retrospective, observational study that used clinical data collected during examinations at the department of rehabilitation medicine, therefore informed consent was not required by Institute review board (IRB).

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kang, S., Yoo, S., Baek, H. et al. Potentials of Smart dynamometer use for clinical and self-management of rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors: a feasibility study. Biomed. Eng. Lett. 9, 211–219 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-019-00101-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-019-00101-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation