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Prospects and application of multivariate and reliability analyses to one health risk assessments of toxic elements

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Abstract

Trace elements (TEs) are food and environmental contaminants with severe predictable and unpredictable consequences. There is a growing trend in toxicological and sustainability research into TE toxicity and fate focuses on using and modeling human, biodiversity, and environmental risks and mechanistic pathways through field or mesocosm-based experimentations. This emerging collaborative and transdisciplinary convergence field is called one health and requires robust statistical tools to model, understand, predict, and plan sustainable TE contamination response and control strategies for humans, biodiversity, and the environment. This mini review focuses on the prospects and applications of multivariate and reliability modeling, indices, and analyses to public-environmental health risk assessment of TEs. The review suggests that multivariate analyses (MA), which are statistical reduction, relationship observation, and dimensional modeling tools such as principal component analysis, nonmetric and multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis, as well as reliability analysis (RA, i.e., a measure of dependability and scalability), can be used in the assessment and assignment of TE risk potentials in food and diverse environmental matrices. For instance, MA uses multiple ways to find the most critical indices, whereas RA gives information about how well the assessment tools work together. The work also offers examples of MA and RA and suggestions on how best to apply and when.

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Acknowledgements

This paper constitutes a segment of the PhD dissertation by the lead author, guided by Authors 2 through 5 at the Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

    Sylvester Chibueze Izah

  2. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

    Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Glory Richard, Herbert Okechukwu Stanley & Wisdom Ebiye Sawyer

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Herbert Okechukwu Stanley

  4. Goodnight Family Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, 212 Living Learning Center, 305 Bodenheimer Drive, Boone, NC, 28608, USA

    Matthew Chidozie Ogwu

  5. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Onyebuchi Remy Uwaeme

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  1. Sylvester Chibueze Izah
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  2. Glory Richard
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  3. Herbert Okechukwu Stanley
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Correspondence to Sylvester Chibueze Izah.

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Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Glory Richard, Herbert Okechukwu Stanley, Matthew Chidozie Ogwu, Wisdom Ebiye Sawyer, and Onyebuchi Remy Uwaeme declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Izah, S.C., Richard, G., Stanley, H.O. et al. Prospects and application of multivariate and reliability analyses to one health risk assessments of toxic elements. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-023-00199-0

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