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Protective role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in alleviating flumethrin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male albino rats

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Abstract

Objectives

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are now well known as antioxidants that have been linked to a relief of oxidative stress induced by several xenobiotics. The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of ZnO-NPs against flumethrin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in adult male albino rats.

Methods

X-ray diffraction was used to characterize ZnO-NPs produced by the grinding ball milling technique. Forty adult male albino rats were separated into four equal groups: the control negative group, which received vehicle (saline); the control positive group, which received flumethrin (10mg/kg body weight); the ZnO-NPs group (15 mg/kg body weight); and the fourth group, which received both flumethrin and ZnO-NPs. The drugs were given orally by using stomach gavage once daily for 60 days. Blood, serum, liver and kidney tissue samples were taken for further analysis.

Results

Significant adverse effects of flumethrin include decreased serum levels of total antioxidant capacity, reduced liver and kidney functions and an abnormal histological changes of both the liver and kidney. Lower gene expression patterns and down-regulations for TNF-α and IL-1B in both liver and kidney supported these results. The adverse effects of flumethrin were alleviated in ZnO-NPs/flumethrin-treated group.

Conclusion

ZnO-NPs are ideal candidates for reducing the oxidative stress caused by flumethrin at the serum and genomic levels.

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Abbreviations

ZnO-NPs:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles

PCV:

Packed cell volume

IL 1B:

Interleukin -1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

TNF-α:

Tumor necrotizing factor alpha

Na:

Sodium

w/v:

Weight by volume

NPs:

Nanoparticles

BSU-IACUC:

Beni-Suef University -The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

cc:

Cubic centimeter

b.wt:

Body weight

LD50:

Medium lethal dose

gm:

Gram

Ip:

Intra peritoneal

°C:

Celsius

HB:

Hemoglobin

RBCs:

Total erythrocytic count

WBCs:

White blood cell count

per:

For each

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

cDNA:

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase:

Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase

qRT-PCR:

Real-time quantitative reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

min:

Minute

s:

Second

RT-PCR:

Real-time polymerase chain reaction

hrs:

Hours

µm:

Micrometer

H &E:

Hematoxylins and eosin

ANOVA:

Analysis of variation

TEC:

Total erythrocyte count

DCC:

Differential cell count

MCV:

Mean corpuscular volume

MCH:

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCHC:

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

SGPT:

Serum glutamate–pyruvate transaminase

SGOT:

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Ahmed Kh. Fayeq, Fatma I. Abo El-Ela, Nema S. Shaban, Abeer M. Radi & A. A. M. Elgendy

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Marwa A. Ibrahim

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  1. Ahmed Kh. Fayeq
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Contributions

AAME reviewed the topic-related literature, wrote the first draft, interpreted the data and revised the manuscript. AKF, FIA, AMR, NSSH and MI checked, interpreted results and commented on the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and agree to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work and read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fatma I. Abo El-Ela.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that there is no any conflict of interest regarding this study.

Ethical statement

All this study was made according to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Beni-Suef University, Egypt, which authorized the protocol for all animal handling procedures (BSU-IACUC; Approval number: 022–373).

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Fayeq, A.K., Abo El-Ela, F.I., Shaban, N.S. et al. Protective role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in alleviating flumethrin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male albino rats. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 15, 369–383 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-023-00189-2

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