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Smokeless tobacco enhances allergic inflammation, aggravation of asthma and oxidative stress in asthmatic patients from Algeria

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite their effects on human health, the link between smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and asthma severity in asthmatic patients is still unknown. Thus, the present study aims to complete the lack of information by investigating the aggravation of inflammation, aggravation of asthma, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by ST in asthmatic patients.

Methods

The study recruited 80 male volunteers residing in Annaba town, Algeria, divided into four groups by using a questionnaire, each group consisting of 20 male volunteers. Herein, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), total IgE, interleukin-5 (IL-5), nitric oxide and oxidative stress were measured.

Results

The obtained results showed that ST clearly enhanced lung inflammation and aggravation of asthma through total IgE, IL-5 and CRP increased production. In addition, ST was found to intensify oxidative stress via increased lipid peroxidation and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Likewise, the biochemical and hematological parameters results showed that ST causes damage and inflammation to tissues.

Conclusion

Therefore, our study reveals that ST obviously enhances allergic inflammation in patients suffering from asthma.

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Availability of data and material

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Algerian Directorate General for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) and the Thematic Research Agency in Health Sciences (ATRSS) for the support of this research work via PNR project (33/DFPR/ATRSS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Research Center C.R.Bt Constantine ALGERIA, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, BP E73, 25016, Constantine, Algeria

    Taha Khaldi

  2. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria

    Karima Boughemara, Yasmine Khodja Hesnie, Mahfoud Messarah & Amel Boumendjel

  3. Laboratory of Biogeochemical and Ecological Analyses of Aquatic Environments, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, PO Box 12, 23005, Annaba, Sidi-Ammar, Algeria

    Aicha Beya Amira

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  1. Taha Khaldi
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  4. Aicha Beya Amira
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Taha Khaldi, Mahfoud Messarah and Amel Boumendjel. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Taha Khaldi and Amira Aicha Beya. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Taha Khaldi.

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Conflict of interest

Taha Khaldi, Karima Boughemara, Yasmine Khodja Hesnie, Aicha Beya Amira, Mahfoud Messarah and Amel Boumendje declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

All protocols in this study were used in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Use of Laboratory Animals and approved under the PNR project (33/DFPR/ATRSS) by the Ethical Committee of Thematic Agency for Research in Health Sciences.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Khaldi, T., Boughemara, K., Khodja Hesnie, Y. et al. Smokeless tobacco enhances allergic inflammation, aggravation of asthma and oxidative stress in asthmatic patients from Algeria. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 15, 275–287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-023-00181-w

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