Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Polycan on calcium bioavailability in two different rat models of osteoporosis

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of Polycan, a β-glucan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, on calcium (Ca) bioavailability in an ovariectomy (OVX) model and a thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) model of osteoporosis in the SD rat. Polycan (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight) was administered daily with an oral gavage for 4 weeks in both the OVX group (beginning 10 weeks following OVX surgery) and the TPTX group (beginning 4 days following TPTX surgery) while a commercial food product containing 1% milk-borne Ca was available ad libitum. After 4 weeks of Polycan administration, all animals were sacrificed and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur, tibia, and lumbar vertebrae (L6) were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ca intake was calculated based on the amount of food intake during the 24 h period prior to sacrifice and the Ca balance, absorption, and retention ratios were calculated based on Ca intake, urinary and faecal Ca content, and Ca balance. Polycan treatment resulted in a marked increase in the BMD of the femur, tibia, and L6 relative to the OVX and TPTX controls with concomitant increases in Ca bioavailability and decreases in secreted Ca. These findings indicate that Polycan may enhance the absorption and bioavailability of Ca and improve Ca balance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sakai, A. et al. Bone marrow cell development and trabecular bone dynamics after ovariectomy in ddy mice. Bone. 23, 443–451 (1998).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Yamaguchi, K. et al. Suppressive effect of norzoanthamine hydrochloride on experimental osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 920–924 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Melton, L. J. et al. How many women have osteoporosis? J. Bone. Miner. Res. 20, 886–892 (2005).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kruger, M. C. et al. The effect of fructooligosaccharide with various degrees of polymerization on calcium bioavailability in growing rat. Exp. Biol. Med. 228, 683–688 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Heaney, R. P. et al. Peak bone mass. Osteoporosis Int. 11, 985–1009 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Louie, D. S. in Calcium and phosphorus in health and disease: Intestinal bioavailability and absorption of calcium (CRC press, Boca Raton, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lifschitz, C. H., Grusak, M. A. & Butte, N. F. Carbohydrate digestion in humans from a beta-glucan-enriched barley is reduced. J. Nutr. 132, 2593–2596 (2002).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lopez, H. W. et al. Fructooligosaccharides enhance mineral apparent absorption and counteract the deleterious effects of phytic acid on mineral homeostasis in rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 11, 500–508 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roberfroid, M. B. Concepts of functional foods: the case of inulin and oligofructose. J. Nutr. (Suppl.) 129, 1398–1401 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hara, H., Haga, S., Aoyama, Y. & Kiriyama, S. Shortchain fatty acids suppress cholesterol synthesis in rat liver and intestine. J. Nutr. 129, 942–948 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hara, H., Haga, S., Kasai, T. & Kiriyama, S. Fermentation products of sugar-beet fiber by cecal bacteria lower plasma cholesterol concentration in rats. J. Nutr. 128, 688–693 (1998).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Morohashi, T., Ohta, A. & Yamada, S. Dietary fructooligosaccharides prevent a reduction of cortical and trabecular bone following total gastrectomy in rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 82, 54–58 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Scholz-Ahrens, K. E. et al. Effects of prebiotics on mineral metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (Suppl.) 73, 459–464 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Seo, H. P. et al. Production of-1,3/1,6-glucan by Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001. Korean J. Bitechnol. Bioeng. 17, 376–380 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Song, H. B. et al. Effect of exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans on improving osteoporosis induced in ovariectomized mice. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16, 37–45 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shin, H. D. et al. Antiosteoporotic effect of polycan, β-Glucan from Aureobasidium, in ovariectomized osteoporotic mice. Nutrition. 23, 853–860 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Czop, J. K. The role of beta-glucan receptors on blood and tissue leukocytes in phagocytosis and metabolic activation. Pathol. Immunopathol. Res. 5, 286–296 (1986).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bell, S. et al. Effect of beta-glucan from oats and yeast on serum lipids. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 39, 189–202 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Luegmayr, E. et al. Osteoclast formation, survival and morphology are highly dependent on exogenous cholesterol/lipoproteins. Cell Death Differ. (Suppl.) 11, 108–118 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Choi, J.-S. et al. Antiosteoporotic effects of Polycan in combination with calcium lactate-gluconate in ovariectomized rats. Exp. Ther. Med. 8, 957–967 (2014).

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Choi, J.-S. et al. Safety and efficacy of polycalcium for improving biomarkers of bone metabolism: a 4-week open-label clinical study. J. Med. Food. 16, 263–267 (2013).

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wronski, T. J., Yen, C. F. & Scott, K. S. Estrogen and diphosphonate treatment provide long-term protection against osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6, 387–394 (1991).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Frost, H. M. & Jee, W. S. On the rat model of human osteopenias and osteoporoses. Bone Miner. 18, 227–236 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. US Food and Drug Administration in FDA Guidelines for preclinical and clinical evaluation of agents for the treatment or prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (Rockville, FDA, USA, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wergedal, J., Stauffer, M., Baylink, D. & Rich, C. Inhibition of bone matrix formation, mineralization, and resorption in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. J. Clin. Invest. 52, 1052–1058 (1973).

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Baylink, D., Stauffer, M., Wergedal, J. & Rich, C. Formation, mineralization, and resorption of bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. J. Clin. Invest. 49, 1122–1134 (1970).

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lorden, J. F. & Caudle, A. Behavioral and endocrinological effects of single injections of monosodium glutamate in the mouse. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 8, 509–519 (1986).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kang, S. A. et al. Effect of yeast beta-glucan on serum lipids and leptin levels in the diet-induced obese rats. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 14, S114 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Garel, J. M., Gilbert, M. & Besnard, P. Fetal growth and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 injections into thyroparathyroidectomized pregnant rats. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 21, 961–968 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Syed, Z. & Khan, A. Bone densitometry: applications and limitations. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 24, 476–484 (2002).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Diez, F. Guidelines for the diagnosis of osteoporosis by densitometric methods. J. Manipulative. Physiol. Ther. 25, 403–415 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Holzherr, M. L. et al. Calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis: benefit of HRT plus calcitriol, but not HRT alone, in both malabsorbers and normal absorbers. Osteoporos. Int. 11, 43–51 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kalu, D. N. & Orhii, P. B. Calcium absorption and bone loss in ovariectomized rats fed varying levels of dietary calcium. Calcif. Tissue Int. 65, 73–77 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chen, C., Noland, K. A. & Kalu, D. N. Modulation of intestinal vitamin D receptor by ovariectomy, estrogen and growth hormone. Mech. Ageing Dev. 99, 109–122 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ten Bolscher, M. et al. Estrogen regulation of intestinal calcium absorption in the intact and ovariectomized adult rat. J. Bone. Miner. Res. 14, 1197–1202 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Barrett, E. J. & Barrett, P. in The parathyroid glands and vitamin D (eds Boron, W. F. & Boulpaep, E. L.) 1110–(Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2003).

  37. Arden, N. K. et al. Size at birth, adult intestinal calcium absorption and 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D. QJM. 95, 15–21 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mitamura, R., Hara, H. & Aoyama, Y. Ingestion of raffinose promotes calcium absorption in the large intestine of rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68, 384–389 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Bonjour, J. P., Fleisch, H. & Trechsel, U. Calcium absorption in diphosphonate-treated rats: effect of parathyroid function, dietary calcium and phosphorus. J. Physiol. 264, 125–139 (1977).

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jaeger, P., Jones, W., Clemens, T. L. & Hayslett, J. P. Evidence that calcitonin stimulates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production and intestinal absorption of calcium in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 78, 456–461 (1986).

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Murayama, A. et al. Positive and negative regulations of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase gene by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1α,25 (OH)2D3 in intact animals. Endocrinology 140, 2224–2231 (1999).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang, Y. et al. Effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract on bone turnover and calcium balance in ovariectomized rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29, 291–296 (2006).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Haanydaero 1, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Korea

    Sae-Kwang Ku

  2. Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Hoenggyegil 70, Ilgwangmyeon, Gijanggun, Busan, 619-912, Korea

    Hyung-Rae Cho & Joo-Wan Kim

  3. RIS Center, IACF, Silla University, Baekyangdaero 700, Busan, 617-736, Korea

    Jae-Suk Choi

  4. Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Baekyangdaero 700, Busan, 617-736, Korea

    Jae-Suk Choi

Authors
  1. Sae-Kwang Ku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hyung-Rae Cho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jae-Suk Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Joo-Wan Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jae-Suk Choi or Joo-Wan Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ku, SK., Cho, HR., Choi, JS. et al. Effects of Polycan on calcium bioavailability in two different rat models of osteoporosis. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 7, 35–42 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-015-0218-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-015-0218-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation