Skip to main content
Log in

Multiple perspectives of measuring organisational value congruence

  • Published:
Asian Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Given the diverse conceptualisations used in the measurement of organisational value congruence (OVC), the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated typology of measurement criteria — as a methodological and measurement guideline — that can be employed in operationalising the measurement of OVC. Based on a review of over forty empirical articles, this typology proposes a path forward to operationalise the measurement of OVC by selecting from the proposed criteria and alternative dimensions to match the specific aims of researchers more comprehensively. The typology thus proposed identifies six key criteria and 12 dimensions therein. It further presents how different combinations of alternative dimensions in measuring OVC are used and can be used to best suit different objectives of researchers. As a concept matrix, this typology would specifically be useful for future researchers to identify how best to measure OVC to match their specific study objectives and facilitate rational comparison of OVC studies, permitting sensible knowledge sharing. Further, this typology can be extended to locate the best possible combinations for operationalising the measurement of OVC for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Source: Developed by authors

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amos, E. A., & Weathington, B. L. (2008). An analysis of the relation between employee—Organisation value congruence and employee attitudes. The Journal of Psychology, 142(6), 615–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C & Schon, D 1978, Organisational learning: A theory of action approach, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley.

  • Bao, Y., Dolan, S. L., & Tzafrir, S. S. 2012, ‘Value congruence in organizations: Literature review, theoretical perspectives, and future directions’, ESADE Business School Research Paper, 239.

  • Bosch, F. A., & van Prooijen, A. A. (1992). The competitive advantage of European Nations: The impact of national culture - a missing element in Porter’s analysis. European Management Journal, 10(2), 173–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byza, O. A., Dörr, S. L., Schuh, S. C., & Maier, G. W. (2019). When leaders and followers match: The impact of objective value congruence, value extremity, and empowerment on employee commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), 1097–1112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cable, D., & Judge, T. A. (1997). Interviewers’ perceptions of person-organisation fit and organisational selection decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 546–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cable, D. M., & De Rue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 875–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cable, D. M., & Edwards, J. R. (2004). Complementary and supplementary fit: a theoretical and empirical integration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 822–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty, D., & Chakraborty, S. K. (2005). Corporate values, personal values, cultural congruence and ethics: A critical exploration. Metamorphosis, 4(2), 138–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrakumara, A. (2011). Value of values for practicing managers and leaders. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 9(2), 80–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interactional organisational research: A model of person-organisation fit. Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 333–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, F. F., & Birtch, T. A. (2010). Pay for performance and work attitudes: The mediating role of employee–organisation service value congruence. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 632–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicek, I., & Bicer, I. H. (2014). An antecedent of satısfaction from supervisor: Congruence in organisational context. Research Journal of Business and Management, 1(3), 263–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, F. L., Schuler, R. S., & Varma, A. (2020). Human resource management research and practice in Asia: Past, present and future. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, M. A., & George, E. (2020). The why and how of the integrative review. Organizational Research Methods, 14(2), 306–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, H., Wu, C. H., Leung, K., & Guan, Y. (2016). Depletion from self-regulation: A resource-based account of the effect of value incongruence. Personnel Psychology, 69(2), 431–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRue, D. S., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Stability and change in person-team and person-role fit over time: The effects of growth satisfaction, performance, and general self-efficacy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1242–1253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. R., & Cable, D. M. (2009). The value of value congruence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(3), 654–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. R. (1994). The study of congruence in organisational behavior research: Critique and a proposed alternative. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58(1), 51–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. R., Cable, D. M., Williamson, I. O., Lambert, L. S., & Shipp, A. J. (2006). The phenomenology of fit: Linking the person and environment to the subjective experience of person-environment fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 802–827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endler, N. S., & Magnusson, D. (1976). Toward an interactional psychology of personality. Psychological Bulletin, 83(5), 956–974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enz, C. A. (1988). The role of value congruity in intra-organizational power. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 284–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2018). Despotic leadership and organisational deviance: The mediating role of organisational identification and the moderating role of value congruence. Journal of Strategy and Management, 11(2), 150–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L 1957, A theory of cognitive dissonance, Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.

  • Finegan, J. E. (2000). The impact of person and organisational values on organisational commitment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 149–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, D. G., Wickramasinghe, V., & Pierce, J. L. (2018). Value congruence, organisation-based self-esteem and employee responses: Evidence from Sri Lanka. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 18(3), 349–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, J. A. (2016). Demographic dissimilarity, value congruence, and workplace attachment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 169–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath, M., Nair, A., & Thangaraj, V. (2018). Espoused and enacted values in an organisation: Workforce implications. Management and Labour Studies, 43(4), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamm, S., MacLean, J., Kikulis, L., & Thibault, L. (2008). Value congruence in a Canadian nonprofit sport organisation: A case study. Sport Management Review, 11(2), 123–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayibor, S., Agle, B. R., Sears, G. J., Sonnenfeld, J. A., & Ward, A. (2011). Value congruence and charismatic leadership in CEO–top manager relationships: An empirical investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(2), 237–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, B. J., Bynum, B. H., Piccolo, R. F., & Sutton, A. W. (2011). Person-organisation value congruence: How transformational leaders influence work group effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 779–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, A., Kirk-Brown, A., & Cooper, B. K. (2012). Does congruence between espoused and enacted organisational values predict affective commitment in Australian organisations? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(4), 731–747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, U. T. (2018). Does perceived societal impact moderate the effect of transformational leadership on value congruence? Evidence from a field experiment. Public Administration Review, 78(1), 48–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, U. T., Andersen, L. B., & Jacobsen, C. B. (2019). Only when we agree! How value congruence moderates the impact of goal-oriented leadership on public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 79(1), 12–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Cable, D. M. (1997). Applicant personality, organizational culture, and organization attraction. Personnel Psychology, 50(2), 359–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, S. W., Byun, G., & Park, H. J. (2014). Leader-follower value congruence in social responsibility and ethical satisfaction: A polynomial regression analysis. Psychological Reports, 115(3), 725–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. (2012). Does person-organisation fit matter in the public-sector? Testing the mediating effect of person-organisation fit in the relationship between public service motivation and work attitudes. Public Administration Review, 72(6), 830–840.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organisation, person– group, and person–superior fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 282–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person– organisation fit: An integrative review of its conceptualisations, measurements, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lajoie, D., Boudrias, J. S., Rousseau, V., & Brunelle, E. (2017). Value congruence and tenure as moderators of transformational leadership effects. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 254–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, D. C., Liu, J., & Fu, P. P. (2007). Feeling trusted by business leaders in China: Antecedents and the mediating role of value congruence. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 321–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, A., & Lawrence, P. (2009). Values congruence and organisational commitment: P—O fit in higher education institutions. Journal of Academic Ethics, 7(4), 297–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach, M. P., Liu, A. H., & Winsor, R. D. (2008). The impact of attitudes, word-of-mouth, and value congruence on conference participation: A comparison of attending and non-attending organisational members. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 16(3), 246–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung, A., & Chaturvedi, S. (2011). Linking the fits, fitting the links: Connecting different types of PO fit to attitudinal outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 391–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liedtka, J. M. (1989). Value congruence: The interplay of individual and organisational value systems. Journal of Business Ethics, 8(10), 805–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, S. H., Han, S. S., & Joo, Y. S. (2018). Effects of nurses’ emotional intelligence on their organisational citizenship behavior, with mediating effects of leader trust and value congruence. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 15(4), 363–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marstand, A. F., Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2018). Cross-lagged relations between perceived leader–employee value congruence and leader identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 411–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meglino, B. M., & Ravlin, E. C. (1998). Individual values in organisations: Concepts, controversies and research. Journal of Management, 24(3), 351–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R., Parker, V., Giles, M., Joyce, P., & Chiang, V. (2012). Perceived value congruence and team innovation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85(4), 626–648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L. K., & Nollen, D. S. (1996). Culture and congruence: The fit between management practice and national Culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(4), 753–779.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, C. J., & Mazur, A. K. (2016). Value congruence and job-related attitudes in a nonprofit organisation: A competing values approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(10), 1013–1033.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nwadei, A.C 2004, The relationship between perceived values congruence and organizational commitment in multinational organisations, US: Universal-Publishers.

  • Ostroff, C., Kinicki, A. J., & Tamkins, M. (2003). ‘Organisational culture and climate. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychology (pp. 595–564). John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostroff, C., Shin, Y., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Multiple perspectives of congruence: Relationships between value congruence and employee attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(6), 591–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, S. Y., & Yeh, Y. J. Y. (2012). Impact of value congruence on work-family conflicts: The mediating role of work-related support. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(3), 270–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, S., Pandey, S., & Pandey, S. K. (2015). Is there a nonprofit advantage? Examining the impact of institutional context on individual–organisational value congruence. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 585–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, B. Z. (2010). Another look at the impact of personal and organisational values congruency. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(4), 535–541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qu, Y. E., Dasborough, M. T., Zhou, M., & Todorova, G. (2019). Should authentic leaders value power? A study of leaders’ values and perceived value congruence. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 1027–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, T., & Hamann, D. J. (2015). Employee value congruence and job attitudes: The role of occupational status. Personnel Review, 44(4), 550–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, T. (2010). Value congruence as a source of intrinsic motivation. Kyklos, 63(1), 94–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, G. (2015). The missing link of value congruence and its consequences: The mediating role of employees’ acceptance of organisational vision. Public Personnel Management, 44(4), 473–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997). A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 50(2), 395–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saur, D., & Khuntia, R. (2010). Influence of personal values and value congruence on unethical practices and work behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 97, 443–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W. H., & Posner, B. Z. (1986). Values and expectations of federal service executives. Public Administration Review, 46(5), 447–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seggewiss, B. J., Boeggemann, L. M., Straatmann, T., Mueller, K., & Hattrup, K. (2019). Do values and value congruence both predict commitment? A refined multi-target, multi-value investigation into a challenged belief. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 169–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanjol, J., Tam, L., & Tam, V. (2015). Employer–employee congruence in environmental values: An exploration of effects on job satisfaction and creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 117–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, P., & Wu, P. C. (1998). Does national culture really matter? Predicting HRM preferences of Taiwanese employees. Employee Relations, 20(1), 26–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolenberg, C. D. (2000). Globalization, Asian values, and economic reform: The impact of tradition and change on ethical values in Chinese business. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 711–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, G., Cai, Z., Liu, Z., Zhu, H., Yang, X., & Li, J. (2015). The importance of ethical leadership in employees’ value congruence and turnover. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(4), 397–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, E. C., Lewicki, R. J., & Ash, S. R. (2014). Disentangling the moral integrity construct: Values congruence as a moderator of the behavioral integrity–citizenship relationship. Group & Organization Management, 39(6), 720–743.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples. Human resource development review, 4(3), 356–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uçanok, B. (2008). The effects of work values, work centrality and person-job fit on organisational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(10), 1179–1192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Thiel, S., & van der Wal, Z. (2010). Birds of a feather? The effect of organisational value congruence on the relationship between ministries and quangos. Public Organization Review, 10(4), 377–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veage, S., Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P., Andresen, R., Oades, L. G., & Crowe, T. P. (2014). Value congruence, importance and success and in the workplace: Links with well-being and burnout amongst mental health practitioners. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(4), 258–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdorfer, A. P., & Peus, C. (2020). Leading by example: Testing a moderated mediation model of ethical leadership, value congruence, and followers’ openness to ethical influence. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 314–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verquer, M. L., Beehr, T. A., & Wagner, S. H. (2003). A meta-analysis of relations between person-organisation fit and work attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 473–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vveinhardt, J. (2017). Congruence of personal and organizational values – How to deal with? In J. Vveinhardt (Ed.), Congruence of personal and organizational values (pp. 1–11). InTech.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vveinhardt, J., & Gulbovaitė, E. (2013). Comparative analysis of the researches on personal and organizational value congruence. Organizacijų vadyba: sisteminiai tyrimai. Kaunas: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 67 (2013).

  • Vveinhardt, J., & Gulbovaitė, E. (2016). Expert evaluation of diagnostic instrument for personal and organizational value congruence. Journal of business ethics, 136(3), 481–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, A. C., Hsieh, H. H., Tsai, C. Y., & Cheng, B. S. (2011). Does value congruence lead to voice? Cooperative avoice and cooperative silence under team and differentiated transformational leadership. Management and Organization Review, 8(2), 341–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, B. E., & Pandey, S. K. (2008). Public service motivation and the assumption of person—Organization fit: Testing the mediating effect of value congruence. Administration & Society, 40(5), 502–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C. (2020). How to avoid coworker relationship conflict: A study of leader-member exchange, value congruence, and workplace behavior. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 9(1), 47–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, K. Y. T., & Verma, K. (2019). Investigating the role of goal orientation in job seekers’ experience of value congruence. Applied Psychology, 68(1), 83–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. B., Lin, M.-C., Nonaka, A., & Beom, K. (2005). Harmony, hierarchy and conservatism: A cross- cultural comparison of Confucian values in China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Communication Research Reports, 22(2), 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yashoda Subhashi Bandara.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bandara, Y.S., Adikaram, A.S. & Dissanayake, K. Multiple perspectives of measuring organisational value congruence. Asian J Bus Ethics 10, 331–354 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-021-00133-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-021-00133-y

Keywords

Navigation