Abstract
Background
Novel topical esmolol is shown to significantly improve wound healing than standard of care. Certain patient-related factors especially anemia and poor glycemic control may impede wound healing.
Objective
To study whether novel topical esmolol may circumvent patient-related factors to improve wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).
Methods
The present study is a double-blind, vehicle (placebo)-controlled, randomized clinical trial in subjects with non-infected DFU of University of Texas grade 1A and 1C. Participants were randomized to receive either topical esmolol gel (Galnobax) with standard of care (SoC), SoC only, and vehicle (Placebo) with SoC in 3:3:1 proportion. The hematologic and biochemistry parameters were evaluated at the screening visit and at every 4 weeks after randomization during treatment phase and at the end of the study (EOS). Outcome was the proportion of complete ulcer closure with reference to baseline hemoglobin, albumin, and HbA1c during the 12-week treatment phase.
Results
A total of 176 subjects were included. Ninety-four out of 140 participants (67.1%) had anemia at baseline. Among anemic participants, 57.4% ulcers closed in the Galnobax group whereas 42.6% closed in the SoC only group during the 12-week treatment phase (p = 0.148, OR = 1.823, 95% CI = 0.80–4.13). One-third participants reported albumin < 4.0 g/dL. Among participants having albumin < 4.0 g/dL (one-third of participants), the proportion of ulcer closure was 60.9% in the Galnobax group compared to 42.1% in the SoC only group (p = 0.225, OR = 2.139, 95% CI = 0.62–7.37). The proportion of ulcer closure in Galnobax with the SoC group was higher (72.5%) compared to the SoC only group (43.5%) (p = 0.0067, OR = 3.427, 95% CI = 1.38–8.48) in participants with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%).
Conclusions
Novel topical esmolol with SoC treatment exhibited significant DFU healing independent of patient-related factors including anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and poor glycemic control.
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Data Availability
Data pertaining to the manuscript is available on reasonable request from corresponding author.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Sudhir Kulkarni and Ashu Rastogi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sudhir Kulkarni and Ashu Rastogi, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Involved human participants. A written and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
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Dr. Sudhir Kulkarni has the patent of the topical preparation of Esmolol (Galnobax). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Rastogi, A., Singh, R., Adhikari, U. et al. Effect of patient and wound characteristics on diabetic foot ulcer healing in phase 3 study of novel topical esmolol hydrochloride. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-024-01336-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-024-01336-2