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Prevalence of thyroid nodule and its association with β-cell autoantibodies in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without thyroid dysfunction

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Abstract

Objective

Although many studies have shown the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroid diseases, few studies have conducted a morphological evaluation of the thyroid gland in T1DM without thyroid disease. This study aimed to compare thyroid ultrasonography findings of the healthy control group with the T1DM group without thyroid disease and examine the relationship between β-cell autoantibodies and the presence of thyroid nodules.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 119 patients with T1DM and 105 healthy controls. Thyroid function tests, thyroid volume, and presence of thyroid nodules were compared between the two groups. Patients with T1DM were divided into two groups according to the presence of thyroid nodules, and risk factors that may affect the development of thyroid nodules were tried to be determined.

Results

No significant difference was found between the control group and the T1DM group in terms of thyroid function tests, thyroid volume, and presence of thyroid nodules. In the T1DM group, the number of female patients and the islet cell antibody (ICA) positivity rate were higher in the presence of thyroid nodules. As a result of regression analysis, ICA positivity in the T1DM group increased threefold the risk of having thyroid nodules.

Conclusion

A relationship was observed between ICA positivity and thyroid nodules in T1DM. Thus, cases with ICA positivity may have a higher probability of nodules in the thyroid gland, and neck examinations should be performed more frequently.

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Acknowledgments

English language revision of this article has been supported by the Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dışkapı Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey

    Murat Calapkulu, Muhammed Erkam Sencar, Ilknur Ozturk Unsal, Hakan Düger, Mustafa Ozbek & Erman Cakal

  2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey

    Davut Sakiz

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Dışkapı Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey

    Merve Tekinyildiz

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  1. Murat Calapkulu
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Contributions

MC conceived the original idea, devised the project, designed the tables, analyzed the results, wrote the manuscript, and drafting of the manuscript. MES provided analysis and considerable intellectual input in the writing of the manuscript. IOU contributed to the discussion, reviewed and edited the manuscript. DS contributed to the discussion, reviewed and edited the manuscript. MT and HD contributed to the data collection. MO contributed to the discussion, reviewed and edited the manuscript. EC supervised all the procedures and manuscript preparation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Murat Calapkulu.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

The study was approved by the ethics committee of our institute. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors (29.04.2019—62/16).

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Informed consent was obtained from all the study participants.

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Calapkulu, M., Sencar, M.E., Sakiz, D. et al. Prevalence of thyroid nodule and its association with β-cell autoantibodies in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without thyroid dysfunction. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01268-3

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