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Roles of NRF2 in DNA damage repair

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Abstract

Purpose

The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator widely involved in essential cellular functions such as DNA repair. By clarifying the upstream and downstream links of NRF2 to DNA damage repair, we hope that attention will be drawn to the utilization of NRF2 as a target for cancer therapy.

Methods

Query and summarize relevant literature on the role of NRF2 in direct repair, BER, NER, MMR, HR, and NHEJ in pubmed. Make pictures of Roles of NRF2 in DNA Damage Repair and tables of antioxidant response elements (AREs) of DNA repair genes. Analyze the mutation frequency of NFE2L2 in different types of cancer using cBioPortal online tools. By using TCGA, GTEx and GO databases, analyze the correlation between NFE2L2 mutations and DNA repair systems as well as the degree of changes in DNA repair systems as malignant tumors progress.

Results

NRF2 plays roles in maintaining the integrity of the genome by repairing DNA damage, regulating the cell cycle, and acting as an antioxidant. And, it possibly plays roles in double stranded break (DSB) pathway selection following ionizing radiation (IR) damage. Whether pathways such as RNA modification, ncRNA, and protein post-translational modification affect the regulation of NRF2 on DNA repair is still to be determined. The overall mutation frequency of the NFE2L2 gene in esophageal carcinoma, lung cancer, and penile cancer is the highest. Genes (50 of 58) that are negatively correlated with clinical staging are positively correlated with NFE2L2 mutations or NFE2L2 expression levels.

Conclusion

NRF2 participates in a variety of DNA repair pathways and plays important roles in maintaining genome stability. NRF2 is a potential target for cancer treatment.

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Data Availability

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171239 and 82273580), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science (2021-I2M-1-042), CIRP Open Fund of Radiation Protection Laboratories (CIRP-DTRI20220202).

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  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Jiale Li, Chang Xu & Qiang Liu

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  2. Chang Xu
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All authors contributed to the outline and content of the article. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jiale Li and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chang Xu or Qiang Liu.

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Li, J., Xu, C. & Liu, Q. Roles of NRF2 in DNA damage repair. Cell Oncol. 46, 1577–1593 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00834-5

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