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Characterization of raw and alkali-treated novel fibers from stem of Hibiscus canescens

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Abstract

This work focuses on characterizing Hibiscus canescens stem fibers (HCSFs), which were manually retrieved from the plant stem. After treating the retrieved fibers with 5% NaOH (alkali), the optimum alkali treatment period for alkalized fibers (60 min) was determined by measuring their cellulose content. Then, the characteristics of optimally alkalized HCSFs were compared with raw HCSFs. Physicochemical study, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric investigation, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, and single-fiber tensile tests were used to investigate the distinct behavior of raw and optimally alkalized HCSFs. According to the results, the cellulose content of optimally alkalized HCSFs augmented by 9.03% compared to raw HCSFs whereas the fiber density increased by 2.06%. The abolition of noncellulosic elements (hemicellulose, lignin, and wax) from optimally alkalized HCSFs was confirmed by their high crystallinity index (54.43%) and crystallite size (1.84 nm). Using thermogravimetric analysis, the char residue for raw and optimally alkalized HCSFs increased from 28.2 to 43.6%, respectively. The maximum degradation temperature of alkalized HCSFs increased 1.06 times (426/454 °C) of raw HCSFs. Optimally alkalized HCSFs displayed a superior surface roughness feature and remarkable pulling strength (435.4 ± 13.99 MPa) compared with raw HCSFs (394.9 ± 14.42 MPa). Fiber-reinforced polymer composites could potentially be produced with the assistance of optimally alkalized HCSFs due to their enhanced properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, 765022, India

    Raghuram Pradhan, Basanta Kumar Palai & Japhia Sudarsan Nalla

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, PACE Institute of Technology and Sciences, Vallore, Ongole, 523272, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Raghuram Pradhan

  3. ITER, SOA Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India

    Dhirendra Nath Thatoi

  4. Engineering Design Division, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India

    A. Elayaperumal

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Pradhan, R., Palai, B.K., Thatoi, D.N. et al. Characterization of raw and alkali-treated novel fibers from stem of Hibiscus canescens. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05690-3

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