Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fatigue surface analysis of AL A356 alloy reinforced hematite metal matrix composites

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study intends to investigate how copper chill affects the fatigue behaviour of composites made of aluminium alloy A356 and hematite. It was cast by altering the weight fraction particles of hematite (0 to 12%wt in increments of 3%wt) by sand casting method with and without copper chills at its end to get isotropic and homogenous significant characteristics under liquid metallurgical way. The test specimens were prepared in accordance with ASTM specifications. Ducom-type fatigue testing equipment (rotating bending-low cycle fatigue) is used in experiments to examine fatigue behaviour. The micrographic images were taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and interpreted uniform reinforcement of hematite particles, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to reveal microscopic details. The existence of the hematite particles and their phases was revealed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the composites cast with copper chills have significantly greater fatigue strength than the casting obtained without copper chills. It was also observed that at 9%wt, copper chilled composite shows improve in fatigue strength about 10.2% as compared without chilled composites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data used in this manuscript have been presented within the article.

Abbreviations

σ :

Stress

Z :

Section Modulus

M b :

Bending Moment

FL:

Force

Nf:

Fatigue Life

RBM :

Rotating Bending Machine

AMCs :

Aluminium matrix composites

SEM :

Scanning electron microscope

XRD :

X-ray diffraction

B 4 C :

Boron Carbide

MMCs :

Metal Matrix Composite

SiC :

Silicon carbide

ZrO 2 :

Zirconium dioxide

Si 3 N 4 :

Silicon Nitride

FASTA :

Fracture surface topography analysis

ASTM :

American Society for Testing and Material

JCPDS :

Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards

MPa :

Mega Pascal

EDX :

Energy-dispersive X-ray

References

  1. American ASM Handbook Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (1990) 2:PP 1-1328

  2. ASM Handbook, Fatigue and Fracture (1996) 19:PP. 1-2592

  3. Heinz A, Haszler A (2000) Recent developments in aluminum alloys for aerospace applications. Mater Sci Eng 1:102–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Seah KHW, Hemanth J, Sharma SC, Rao KVS (1999) Solidification behavior of water-cooled and subzero chilled cast iron. J Alloys Compd 290:172–180. https://doi.org/10.1361/105994901770345231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Naeem HT, Abdullah FF (2019) Effects of garnet particles and chill casting conditions on properties of aluminum matrix hybrid composites. Eclética QuímicaJournal 44(2):1678–4618

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hiremath A, Hemanth J (2017) Experimental evaluation of the chill casting method for the fabrication of LM-25 aluminum alloy-borosilicate glass(p) composites. Adv Mater Eng Mater 748:69–73. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.748.69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Vasanth Kumar HS, Kempaiah UN, Mallesh G (2020) Fatigue and fracture behaviour of Al6061-B4C aluminium matrix composites. Int J Eng Adv Technol (IJEAT) 9(4):121–2125

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mahendra HM, Prakash GS, Keerthi Prasad KS, Rajanna S (2020) Fatigue and facture behaviour of Al6061-Al2O3 metal matrix composite: effect of heat treatment. IOP Conf Series: Mater Sci Eng 925:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/925/1/012042. (ICCEMS-2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Krishnaraj S, Elatharasan (2020) Fatigue behaviour of aluminium reinforced metal matrix hybrid composites. Int J Rapid Manuf 9(1):16–24. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAPIDM.2020.10026150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sanju H, Reddy MM, Chandra BT, Madhu B (2016) Evolution of fatigue and corrosion test of Al LM13 reinforced with hematite. Int J R Eng Technol 5(6):219–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Achutha MV, Sridhara BK, Budan A (2008) Fatigue life estimation of hybrid aluminium matrix composites. Int J Des Manuf Technol 2(1):14–21. https://doi.org/10.18000/ijodam.70022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Myriounis DP, Matikas TE, Hasan ST (2012) Fatigue behaviour of SiC particulate-reinforced A359 aluminium matrix composites. Int Exp Mech 48:333–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2011.00827.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ramesh S, Govindaraju N, Suryanarayan CP (2018) Investigation on mechanical and fatigue behaviour of aluminium based SiC/ZrO2 particle reinforced MMC. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 346:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/346/1/012030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Moona G, Walia RS, Rastogi V, Sharma R (2019) Parametric optimization of fatigue behaviour of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites. Mater Today Proc 21:1441–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.10.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ramesha CS, Keshavamurthy R, Madhusudhan C (2014) Fatigue behavior of Ni-P coated Si3N4 reinforced Al6061 composites. ICMPC 2014 Procedia Mater Sci 6:1444–1454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kobayashi T, Shockey DA (2010) Fracture surface topography analysis (FRASTA)—development, accomplishments, and future applications. Eng Fract Mech 77(12):2370–2384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.05.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Domínguez GM, Almaraz JL, Ambriz Á, Calderón EC (2012) Fatigue endurance and crack propagation under rotating bending fatigue tests on aluminum alloy AISI 6063–T5 with controlled corrosion attack. Eng Fract Mech 93:119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.06.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Macek W (2022) Fracture surface formation of notched 2017A–T4 aluminium alloy under bending fatigue. Int J Fract 234:141–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-021-00579-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Srivatsan TS, Al-Hajri M, Petraroli M, Hotton B, Lam PC (2002) Influence of silicon carbide particulate reinforcement on quasi static and cyclic fatigue fracture behavior of 6061 aluminium alloy composites. J Mater Sci Eng Elsevier 325:202–214. https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Umesh H, Suresh N, Sundresh S (2016) Fatigue behaviour of fly ash reinforced with LM6 aluminium metal matric composite. Int J Adv Sci Res Eng (IJASRE) 02(09):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ceschini L, Minak G, Morri A (2006) Tensile and fatigue properties of the AA6061/20 Vol.% Al2O3p and AA7005/10 Vol.% Al2O3p composites. Compos Sci Technol 66:333–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Santhosh N, Kempaiah UN, Sajjan G, Gowda AC (2017) Fatigue behaviour of silicon carbide and fly ash dispersion strengthened high performance hybrid Al 5083 metal matrix composites. J Miner Mater Charact Eng 5:274–287. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2017.55023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Nagaral M, Deshapande RG, Auradi V, Boppana SB, Anil Kumar MR (2021) Mechanical and wear characterization of ceramic boron carbide-reinforced Al2024 alloy metal composites. J Bio Tribo Corros 17(19):7–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00454-8. (Springer)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nagaral M, Auradi V, Kori SA, Hiremath V (2019) Investigation on mechanical and wear behavior of nano Al2O3 particulates reinforced AA7475 alloy composites. J Mech Eng Sci 13:4623–4635. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.19.0389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sunil Kumar M, Sathisha N, Jagannatha N, Chandra BT (2022) Tribological study on effect of chill casting on aluminium A356 reinforced with hematite paticulated composites. J Bio Tribo Corros 18(52):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00635-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (Grant No. pnursp2023R12), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. VTU-RRC, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    M. Sunil Kumar

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yenepoya Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

    N. Sathisha

  3. Department of Mathematics, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560076, Karnataka, India

    S. Manjnatha

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, 560076, Karnataka, India

    S. J. Niranjana

  5. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Nissren Tamam

  6. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    M. Ijaz Khan

  7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, Beirut, Lebanon

    M. Ijaz Khan

Authors
  1. M. Sunil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Sathisha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Manjnatha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. J. Niranjana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nissren Tamam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Ijaz Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MSK; Conceptualization, Methodology, and Software, NS and NT Data curation, Writing-Original draft preparation, SM; Visualization, Investigation, SJN Software, Validation, MIK; Writing- Reviewing and Editing and Supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Ijaz Khan.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, M.S., Sathisha, N., Manjnatha, S. et al. Fatigue surface analysis of AL A356 alloy reinforced hematite metal matrix composites. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04634-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04634-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation