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Investigation of physicochemical and biological properties of boron-doped biochar

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Abstract

Boron doping of biochar leads to the formation of activated oxygen species and pores and defects in the carbon structure Therefore, boron-containing biochar was prepared by treating boric acid (H3BO3) solutions in different concentrations of hazelnut shells before pyrolysis. DSC results showed that treatment of biomass with solutions containing a low concentration (0.1 wt. %) of H3BO3 increased the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, but also increased char formation. However, treatment with solutions containing 2% and 5% H3BO3 increased biochar oxidation with the formation of boron oxide (B2O3). The FT-IR and XPS results showed the presence of B–B, B–O, and B–O–B in the H3BO3 treatment, which is due to the formation of B2O3. The examination of the proliferation of L929 mouse fibroblast cells in response to different concentrations of boron-containing biochars using the MTT assay revealed that biochar treated with 2% H3BO3 promoted cell growth (100.32 ± 1.93). However, above this concentration, the formation of polycrystalline B2O3 species exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation (81.98 ± 1.26) in the samples of H3BO3-doped biochar with 5% concentration. The results of the in vitro hemolysis tests for undoped biochar and high boron-containing (% 5) biochar sample showed mild hemolytic activity, with percentages of 2.46 ± 0.02 and 3.08 ± 0.04, respectively, according to the reported standards. Antimicrobial studies have shown that Candida albicans (a yeast, ATCC 10231) is more sensitive to H3BO3 than Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria, ATCC 29213). Boron-containing biochar can be used in a variety of applications, including biosensing, drug delivery, biological scaffolds, and biological imaging, as well as an adsorbent in the removal of pollutants and a catalyst in oxidation and electrochemical reactions.

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Funding

Project M-795 of Sivas Cumhuriyet University- Scientific Research (CUBAP) fund provided funding for this work. Authors thank for XPS analysis to TENMAK (Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency).

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye

    Ayten Ateş & Burçak Aydemir

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye

    Kerim Emre Öksüz

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Ayten Ateş: conceptualization; investigation; methodology; writing original draft, review, and editing; supervision; funding acquisition. Burçak Aydemir: formal analysis, investigation, data curation. Kerim Emre Öksüz: formal analysis, methodology, writing original draft, review and editing.

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Ateş, A., Aydemir, B. & Öksüz, K.E. Investigation of physicochemical and biological properties of boron-doped biochar. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04567-1

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