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Isolation, characterization, and valorization of hemicelluloses from olive solid residue as biomaterial, partial kaolin hydrolysis, and antiproliferative activity

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is considered the feedstock of the future to produce bioactive oligosaccharides, due to its low cost and increased availability. In this study, the valorization of the hemicellulose from olive solid residue through structural characterization, oligosaccharide production, and antiproliferative activity was investigated. Three hemicellulose fractions (A, B1, and B2) were isolated by alkaline extraction (NaOH, 10–17.5%). It was observed that the extraction yield of hemicelluloses varied between 0.9 and 32.5% on the basis of the raw materials. The results of FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MALDI-TOF analyses on the hemicellulose HEM A17.5 supported a structure based on a linear polymer of xylopyranose units linked β-(1 → 4) bonds substituted at C2 by glucuronic acid units. The hydrolysis conditions performed by an acid kaolin catalyst (0.05 N HCl) at 80 °C gave access to ketooligosaccharide (OS1). OS1 and HEM A17.5 were more potent on human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 231 (IC50 ≈ 175 µg, IC50 = 125 µg) and MDA-MB435 (IC50 ≈ 375, IC50 = 500) than neridronate, which was more cytotoxic against epidermoid carcinoma cells A 431. Overall, the findings suggested that olive solid residue presents a promising natural source of bioactive polysaccharides and anticancer agents.

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Acknowledgements

The structural analysis and antiproliferative tests depicted in this report were conducted at the CSPBAT Laboratory at Paris 13 University. We acknowledge Odile Saint Catherine, for her technical assistance. Professeur Aouadi Saoudi is thanked for catalysis by kaolin assistance and structural analysis of oligosaccharides.

Funding

This study in funded by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (exceptional national program grant to research teachers PNE).

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  1. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Pollution of Ecosystems, Chadli Ben Djedid University, El Tarf, Algeria

    Samia Bouanani

  2. Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes, UBMA University, Annaba, Algeria

    Mehdi Zeggar

  3. Laboratory Chemistry, Structures and Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents CSPBAT (UMR CNRS 7244), University Paris 13 North, 74, Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny Cedex, France

    Marc Lecouvey

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  1. Samia Bouanani
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  2. Mehdi Zeggar
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  3. Marc Lecouvey
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Contributions

Material preparation and analysis were performed by Bouanani Samia and Marc Lecouvey. Specific visualization of the published work and data presentation were performed by Zeggar Mehdi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Bouanani Samia. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript, read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Samia Bouanani.

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Statement of novelty

The originality and new contributions of this work involve the extraction of hemicellulose and the production of oligosaccharides (OS) from an olive by-product (olive solid residues). Olive by-products are generated in substantial amounts by agro-industrial activity. The hydrolysis of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides from agro-industrial by-products into new medicinal drugs has become a challenge. The use of environmentally friendly hydrolyzing methods may represent an innovative opportunity to sustainably face this challenge. The hydrolysis of the O-glycosidic connection of hemicelluloses was performed with different activated kaolin catalysts, which allowed the specific hydrolysis of interosidic bonds at temperatures below 100 °C and gave access to highly added bioproducts (such as OS1) with antiproliferative activity.

Highlights

• Food by-products could be valorized for the production of polysaccharides with different properties in the pharmaceutical or food industry;.

• Hemicelluosic HEM A17.5 structure was characterized using sugar analysis, infrared, and both 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy complemented by mass spectroscopy MALDI-TOF. It was confirmed that HEM A17.5 was mainly glucuronoxylan;.

• Specific hydrolysis of HEM interosidic bonds by kaolin catalysts at 80°C gave access to ketooligosaccharide OS1;.

• Antiproliferative activity of HEM A17.5 and OS1 was tested against human cancer cells (A 431, MDA-MB 231, and MDA-MB 435);.

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Bouanani, S., Zeggar, M. & Lecouvey, M. Isolation, characterization, and valorization of hemicelluloses from olive solid residue as biomaterial, partial kaolin hydrolysis, and antiproliferative activity. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03962-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03962-y

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