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“Cleome rutidosperma leaf extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and anti-candidal, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, and molecular docking analysis”

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Abstract

Biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate and are a source of many recalcitrant infections. There is effective biofilm management with silver nanoparticles. However, silver nanoparticles that are chemically mediated are extremely harmful to ecosystems. The current study synthesized AgNPs using Cleome rutidosperma leaf extract (CrLE) and analyzed it in UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD spectroscopy, and TEM for the physical formation and tested with Candida albicans, A431 (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells for its biological efficacy and molecular docking also done. The CrLF has significant phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. The CrLE-AgNPs produced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 450 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum and the FT-IR functional groups had -O-H, -N-H stretching at 3423.83 cm-1 due to hydroxyl and amino groups; C=C and C=O stretching at 1632.53 cm-1 due to flavonoid; and C-H deformation at 1110.42 cm-1 due to AgO formation. The XRD peaks revealed the particle size as 14.07 nm. The TEM and SAED studies confirmed the development of spherical shaped AgNPs with agglomeration. During biological characterization, the synthesized AgNPs produced an inhibitory zone against Candida albicans and its biofilm between 30 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL concentrations and produced cytotoxicity against A431 (epidermoid carcinoma) cells (in vitro) at an IC50 value of 36.56 µg/ml. A molecular docking study revealed that a well-conserved binding region is present and predicted the best binding energy value between Als3 adhesin (PDB ID: 4LE8) and silver oxide nanoparticle is -9.60 kcal/mol. The results of this study show that AgNPs made from the leaf extract of Cleome rutidosperma could be used to treat infections caused by anti-candida.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research and Development, Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, TN, 603 103, India

    Ganesh Kumar A,  Pugazhenthi E &  Kavya G

  2. Department of Food Technology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, TN, 603 103, India

    Sankarganesh P

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Srinivasan College of Arts and Science, Perambalur, TN, 621 212, India

    Muthusamy C

  4. Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Rajasekaran M

  5. Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem, TN, 636 011, India

    Lokesh E

  6. Center for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, TN, 603 103, India

    Ameer Khusro

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Conceptualization, draft preparation, writing, and review editing: Ganesh Kumar A and Sankarganesh P; investigation: Pugazhenthi G. Kavya, E, Lokesh E, and Muthusamy C; review editing: Rajasekaran M and Ameer Khusro. All authors have completely read and agreed to the manuscript.

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Ganesh Kumar A, Pugazhenthi E, Sankarganesh P et al. “Cleome rutidosperma leaf extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and anti-candidal, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, and molecular docking analysis”. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03806-9

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