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Deciphering biomarkers of the plant cell-wall recalcitrance: towards enhanced delignification and saccharification

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth, composed of agricultural waste, food processing byproducts, and other wastes which are thrown in nature and, unfortunately, non-valorized. It is a rich substrate recognized for its compositional and structural diversities, with a high interest in the production of green biofuels and chemical platform molecules, which are extremely sought after in the actual world energetic transition scenario. Although it represents a great opportunity for green industries, breaking down the plant cell wall (PCW) is technically not as affordable as thought before, and the development of green biorefineries depends on optimizing plant resources, process fluxes, prioritizing integrated strategies, and before all the above-mentioned, solving the plant recalcitrance issue. Converting biomass starts with the dissociation of its elements, which should be figured out in light of its compositional and structural complexities. Field and postharvest strategies like the genome-wide selection of biorefinery crops and the knowledge-based choice of appropriate harvesting periods were suggested to answer this challenge. Although these practices helped improve the processability of bioenergy crops, they did not reach promising levels and should be further improved by their combination with state-of-art engineering technologies. In this sense, genetic tailoring of the PCW biosynthetic genes and the application of integrated pretreatment strategies are interesting and in-depth explained here. In this comprehensive review, we discuss novel aspects related to the importance and richness of lignocellulose feedstock in the biorefinery concept, the recalcitrance of PCW and biomarkers as a roadmap approach to diagnosing it, and finally, state-of-art strategies to overcome it towards an enhanced delignification and saccharification. All with the same main perspective: making the most of lignocellulose in added-value biorefinery applications.

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Acknowledgements

This study was in part carried out in the Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), supported by the Région Grand Est, Département de la Marne, Greater Reims (France), and the European Union. In particular, the authors would like to thank the Département de la Marne, Greater Reims, Région Grand Est, and the European Union along with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF Champagne Ardenne 2014-2020) for their financial support of the Biotechnology Chair of CentraleSupélec.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, European Center of Biotechnology and Bioeconomy (CEBB), CentraleSupélec SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Paris-Saclay University, 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France

    Hasna Nait M’Barek

  2. MeknesLaboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune Meknes City, Morocco

    Soukaina Arif & Hassan Hajjaj

  3. Cluster of Competency “Agri-Food, Food Safety and Security” IUC VLIR-UOS, Moulay Ismail University, Marjane 2, BP 298, Meknes City, Morocco

    Soukaina Arif & Hassan Hajjaj

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  1. Hasna Nait M’Barek
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  2. Soukaina Arif
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  3. Hassan Hajjaj
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Contributions

Hasna Nait M’Barek: review idea, conceptualization, literature search, methodology, analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Soukaina Arif: conceptualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Hassan Hajjaj: conceptualization, validation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Hasna Nait M’Barek.

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Highlights

• Lignocellulose is a rich and abundant matrix to be exploited in value-added biorefinery applications

• Knowledge-based deconstruction of lignocellulose is the first step toward deriving value from it

• Plant cell wall recalcitrance is a multivariate-complex component rooted in many compositional and architectural elements

• Recalcitrance could be predicted based on a biomarkers approach

• Field phenomics, genome-wide selection of bioenergy crops, tailoring plant cell wall synthesis genes, and recent genetic engineering technologies are advanced strategies to overcome biomass recalcitrance

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Nait M’Barek, H., Arif, S. & Hajjaj, H. Deciphering biomarkers of the plant cell-wall recalcitrance: towards enhanced delignification and saccharification. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 11469–11482 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03594-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03594-8

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