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Phytofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles with advanced characterization and its antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery volume 13, pages 417–430 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

The biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles by renewable sources is thought to be ecologically acceptable, clean, and nontoxic. Willow plant (Salix tetrasperma) in the current study was used to measure its ability to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The created ZnONPs were characterized via several techniques namely ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Disk diffusion method was applied to assess the antimicrobial activity of ZnONPs. Free radical scavenging potential of different concentrations of ZnONPs and plant extract was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (Pc3) via the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide)-based assay. Sharp peak was observed at 310 nm indicating the creation of ZnONPs. XRD results and Raman analysis confirmed the natural crystal structure of ZnONPs and stable zinc oxide (ZnO) structure. Good antibacterial activity of ZnONPs was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium with inhibition zones 28.10 ± 0.17, 23.83 ± 0.29, 28.33 ± 0.58, 23.83 ± 1.04, 28.33 ± 0.58, and 33.83 ± 0.76 mm, respectively. Candida albicans was also inhibited with inhibition zone 23.67 ± 0.29 mm, while Mucor circinelloide and Aspergillus fumigatus not inhibited by ZnONPs. A promising antioxidant activity of ZnONPs was observed with IC50 8.73 µg/mL compared with the IC50 15.91 µg/mL of the plant extract. Cytotoxicity test indicated the activity of ZnONPs against Pc3.

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Acknowledgements

To Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for their grant through Researchers Supporting Project number PNURSP2022R217, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant through Researchers Supporting Project number PNURSP2022R217, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 71524, Egypt

    Tarek M. Abdelghany & Salem S. Salem

  2. Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi

  3. Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Reham Yahya

  4. King Abduallah International Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 3661, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia

    Reham Yahya

  5. Biology Department Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    Marwah M. Bakri & Mohamed A. Al Abboud

  6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Rana Yahya

  7. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia

    Husam Qanash & Abdulrahman S. Bazaid

  8. Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia

    Husam Qanash

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  1. Tarek M. Abdelghany
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Tarek M. Abdelghany and Salem S. Salem; methodology and resources: Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi, Reham Yahya, Marwah M. Bakri, Abdulrahman S Bazaid, and Salem S. Salem; validation and visualization: Tarek M. Abdelghany, Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi, Reham Yahya, Marwah M. Bakri, Rana Yahya, Mohamed A. Al Abboud, Husam Qanash, and Salem S. Salem; formal analysis: Tarek M. Abdelghany and Abdulrahman S Bazaid; writing—original draft preparation: Tarek M. Abdelghany and Salem S. Salem; writing—review and editing: Tarek M. Abdelghany, Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi, Reham Yahya, Marwah M. Bakri, Rana Yahya, Mohamed A. Al Abboud, Husam Qanash, and Salem S. Salem. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Abdelghany, T.M., Al-Rajhi, A.M.H., Yahya, R. et al. Phytofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles with advanced characterization and its antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 417–430 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03412-1

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