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Comparative analysis of seed biomass from Amazonian fruits for activated carbon production

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Abstract

Amazon offers several lignocellulosic biomasses with unknown technological properties contrasting with a growing demand for activated charcoal for water decontamination. Thus, this work investigated the chemical features of the murumuru (MS) and patauá (PS) palm seeds and their thermal behavior during pyrolysis up to 600 °C to verify their suitability for the future production of chemically activated carbon. The biomasses showed similar H(%)/C(%) ratios (≈ 0.13) and lignin contents (≈ 24%), both features closely related to increased activated carbon yield. Regarding the possibility of providing highly porous adsorbents, PS depicted more cellulose and hemicelluloses favorably. On the other hand, MS showed an outstandingly high level of total extractives (31%) compared to PS and most lignocellulosic biomasses of literature. Ultimately, the proximate analysis revealed that PS’s volatile material (%)/fixed carbon (%) was 2.4, much lower than MS’s one of 3.8. As a drawback for pyrolysis yield, both palm wastes showed ash levels (≈2%) above many other previously studied lignocellulosic biomasses. However, near-infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed some oxygenized chemical groups able to raise the acidity of derived activated carbons, promising to adsorb cations. Murumuru (23.7%) showed a lower pyrolysis yield than patauá (30.7%) at 600 °C. Temperatures below 400 °C are more suitable for the pyrolysis of murumuru seeds, while patauá seeds stand higher temperatures without compromising the charcoal yield. Therefore, high extractive content surpassed other chemical traits in influencing pyrolysis yield.

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Statement of novelty

This thermo-chemical and thermal characterization study makes it possible to trace the potential of understudied palm seeds, such as murumuru and patauá, for producing activated carbon.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank the technical assistance provided by the team of the Multiuser Biomaterials Laboratory of the Federal University of Lavras (Brazil) and for the availability of the Laboratory of Biotechnology of the Amazon—LABTAM, of the State University of Amapá, for the accomplishment of the analyses.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the State University of Amapá (Research Project no. 021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State University of Amapá-UEAP, Campus Macapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil

    Edina Ruth Mendes Leal Mafra, Daianna Batista Barbosa, Melissa Ferreira Viana & Tiago Marcolino de Souza

  2. Federal Rural University ofAmazonia-UFRA, Campus Parauapebas, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil

    Thiago de Paula Protásio

  3. Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering at the University of São Paulo—FZEA USP, Campus Pirassununga, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil

    Jefferson Bezerra Bezerra

  4. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins, Campus Palmas, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

    Marcelo Mendes Pedroza

  5. Federal Rural University of Amazonia-UFRA, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Lina Bufalino

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Contributions

Edina Ruth Mendes Leal Mafra: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft; Thiago de Paula Protásio: formal analysis, writing—review and editing; Lina Bufalino: funding acquisition, formal analysis, writing—review and editing; Jefferson Bezerra Bezerra: data curation, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing; Marcelo Mendes Pedroza: review and formal analysis; Tiago Marcolino de Souza: funding acquisition, formal analysis, translation, review and editing; Melissa Ferreira Viana: formal analysis and translation; Daianna Batista Barbosa: formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Edina Ruth Mendes Leal Mafra.

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Mafra, E.R.M.L., de Paula Protásio, T., Bezerra Bezerra, J. et al. Comparative analysis of seed biomass from Amazonian fruits for activated carbon production. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 11279–11293 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03348-6

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