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In situ biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles on banana leaves extract-coated graphitic carbon nitride: An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for organic transformations and antimicrobial agent

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Abstract

In the present work, palladium nanoparticles embedded on banana leaves extract-modified graphitic carbon nitride [PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE] was biogenically synthesized in a facile 3-step reaction in a clean and sustainable manner. In situ reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) was accomplished by the action of active phytochemicals present in the banana leaves extract as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agents. Therefore, the aforementioned synthesis of catalyst does not need toxic reagents, harsh conditions, and additional reductants. The structure and composition of the PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst were examined in detail through several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and aryl halide cyanation reactions by giving high turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs). The outstanding advantages of using the PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst are mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, heterogeneous nature, excellent yields, easy work-up procedure, and recyclability without any significant loss of catalytic activity. Additionally, the PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst showed remarkable antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, for providing research facilities and financial support, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Funding

This study was supported by the DST-SERB, India (YSS/2015/000010), DST-Nanomission, India (SR/NM/NS-20/2014), and Jain University, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India

    Harini G. Sampatkumar, Arnet Maria Antony, Ramesh B. Dateer & Siddappa A. Patil

  2. Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India

    Mansi Trivedi, Manmohan Sharma & Manjunath Ghate

  3. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Mahiuddin Baidya

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  1. Harini G. Sampatkumar
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Contributions

Harini G. Sampatkumar: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing — original draft. Arnet Maria Antony: conceptualization, investigation, writing — original draft. Mansi Trivedi: validation, resources, and visualization. Manmohan Sharma: validation, resources, and visualization. Manjunath Ghate: validation, resources, and visualization. Mahiuddin Baidya: validation, resources, and visualization. Ramesh B. Dateer: validation, resources, and visualization. Siddappa A. Patil: validation, resources, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Sampatkumar, H.G., Antony, A.M., Trivedi, M. et al. In situ biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles on banana leaves extract-coated graphitic carbon nitride: An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for organic transformations and antimicrobial agent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 10045–10066 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03222-5

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