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Effect of Al2O3 and MgO nanofiller on the mechanical behaviour of alkaline-treated jute fibre–reinforced epoxy bio-nanocomposite

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Abstract

Composite materials increasingly use biofibres because of their lightweight, remarkable strength, stiffness, and biodegradability. Nanofillers are becoming more common in bio-nanocomposite (BNC) applications in industries like aeronautics and marine engineering. Research is underway to determine the effects of nanofiller alumina (Al2O3) and magnesia (MgO) on BNC tensile, bending, and impact properties when coupled with reinforcing surface-treated jute fibres. Vacuum-bagged composite laminates were made by adding Al2O3 and MgO nanofiller (50 nm in diameter) to the epoxy range from 1 to 4% by weight. One set of fibres was treated with a 5% NaOH solution to see the effect of surface treatment and nanofillers on the mechanical properties of the composite. Surface-treated jute-reinforced composite outperformed untreated in tensile, bending, and impact properties. While on the additive inclusion of 3% of nanofiller, the highest properties were achieved, the treated jute-reinforced MgO-filled laminates increased the tensile strength by 60%, flexural strength by 67%, and impact strength by 42% as compared to laminates without nanofillers. SEM images show an array of imperfections, including interfacial performance, fibre breakage, fibre withdrawal, agglomeration, cracks, and voids. Surface treatment and nanofillers were shown to enhance the BNC’s mechanical properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Pakistani Higher Education Commission (HEC) HRDI-UESTPs scholarship and the Malaysian Government, Universiti Sains Malaysia FRGS Grant (1/2018/TK09/USM/02/4), for their assistance and financial support in conducting this study.

Funding

This research was carried out with the support of the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) 1/2018/TK09/USM/02/4 under the Malaysian Government, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Penang, Malaysia

    Adnan Amjad, M. Shukur Zainol Abidin & Aslina Anjang Ab Rahman

  2. Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Punjab, 37610, Pakistan

    Habib Awais

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  1. Adnan Amjad
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  4. Aslina Anjang Ab Rahman
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Contributions

Adnan Amjad—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, and writing (original draft). Habib Awais—investigation. M. Shukur Zainol Abidin—investigation and writing (review and editing), visualization. A. Aslina—visualization, supervision, writing (review and editing).

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Correspondence to Aslina Anjang Ab Rahman.

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Amjad, A., Awais, H., Abidin, M.S.Z. et al. Effect of Al2O3 and MgO nanofiller on the mechanical behaviour of alkaline-treated jute fibre–reinforced epoxy bio-nanocomposite. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 9749–9762 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03032-9

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