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Novel acoustic-activated alkali-functionalized Trapa bispinosa peel biochar for green immobilization of chlorpyrifos from wastewater: artificial intelligence modelling and experimental validation

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Abstract

The unrestricted discharge of chlorpyrifos (CPS) pesticides into the aquatic environment entails significant environmental and health risks; therefore, their management is essential. In the current study, a dually modified novel biochar of Trapa bispinosa peel (UFBC) with improved adsorption capacity for CPS was synthesized utilizing ultrasonic vibrations and alkali functionalization, and its removal capacity was compared to unmodified or single modified biochar. Characteristic changes induced by the simultaneous mechanical and chemical modifications of biochar were revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Three hundred and twenty data sets produced from triplicate batch experiments on several parameters (temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, initial pollutant concentration, and contact time) and linear interpolation technique were applied for the development of artificial neuron network (ANN) as well as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models, which successfully predicted % CPS removal by UFBC with low statistical errors (MSE < 0.0009, SSE < 0.159, RMSE < 0.031). The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Elovich model of kinetics (R2 > 0.94) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.98) for all the sorbents, which showed chemisorption on highly heterogeneous surface and multi-layer adsorption with pollutant–pollutant interaction, respectively. Thermodynamic study demonstrated the exothermic nature and feasibility of the process at room temperature (∆H < -71.32 kJmol−1). The synthesized material is a sustainable and effective adsorbent having low equilibrium time and high adsorption capacity for CPS elimination and industrial scalability.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India, for providing the laboratory facilities. We are also thankful to Dr Saif Khan, Inter-University Accelerator Centre for SEM analysis, Mr Charu Chandra Pant, UPES Central Instrumentation facility for DLS and FTIR.

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The authors acknowledge the support of Ministry of Commerce and Industries, India. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Kavya Bisaria & Rachana Singh

  2. Materials Science Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India

    Merry Gupta

  3. Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

    Ashish Mathur

  4. Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur, India

    Ashwani Dixit

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  1. Kavya Bisaria
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Contributions

Kavya Bisaria did conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing—original draft. Merry Gupta was involved in visualization and resources. Ashish Mathur provided resources. Ashwani Dixit done project administration and writing—review and editing. Rachana Singh contributed to supervision, writing—review and editing, project administration, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Rachana Singh.

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Bisaria, K., Singh, R., Gupta, M. et al. Novel acoustic-activated alkali-functionalized Trapa bispinosa peel biochar for green immobilization of chlorpyrifos from wastewater: artificial intelligence modelling and experimental validation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7763–7782 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02898-z

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