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Green biosynthesis of titanium dioxide quantum dots using watermelon peel waste: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities

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Abstract

In this study, watermelon peel waste was used for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide quantum dots (TiO2Qds) through green and ecofriendly method for the first time. The biosynthesized TiO2Qds were fully characterized using UV–visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, mapping, TEM, and TGA. The characterization of TiO2Qds revealed that the synthesized TiO2Qds is a polycrystalline crystal structure with an average particle size of 7 nm. The antimicrobial results revealed that TiO2Qds exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and A. fumigatus where minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 15.62, 62.5, 7.81, 7.81, 31.25, and 1.95 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, TiO2Qds have a strong antioxidant activity where IC50 was 31 µg/mL using DPPH method. Furthermore, TiO2Qds have potential anticancer activity against MCF7 cancerous cell line where IC50 was 114 µg/mL, and inhibition percentages at 1000 and 500 µg/mL were 99 and 93%, respectively. In conclusion, the biosynthesized TiO2Qds using watermelon peel waste have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities with high biocompatibility.

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Funding

This study was technically supported by the National Research Centre and Al-Azhar University as well as the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project (TURSP-2020/81) at Taif University in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Omar M. Ali

  2. Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

    Mohamed S. Hasanin

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    Waleed B. Suleiman & Amr H. Hashem

  4. International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University, Al-Darrassa Ward (11651), Cairo, Egypt

    Eman El-Husseiny Helal

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  1. Omar M. Ali
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  3. Waleed B. Suleiman
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Omar M. Ali: Data curation, conceptualization, writing, review and editing. Mohamed S. Hasanin: Visualization; methodology; formal analysis; conceptualization; validation; investigation; writing, review, editing and supervising. Waleed B. Suleiman: Data curation, writing, review and editing. Eman El-Husseiny Helal: Data curation, funding, writing, review and editing. Amr H. Hashem: Visualization, methodology, formal analysis, conceptualization, validation, investigation, writing, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Mohamed S. Hasanin or Amr H. Hashem.

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Ali, O.M., Hasanin, M.S., Suleiman, W.B. et al. Green biosynthesis of titanium dioxide quantum dots using watermelon peel waste: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 6987–6998 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02772-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02772-y

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