Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biovalorization of whole old oil palm trunk as low-cost nutrient sources for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous yeasts through batch and fed-batch fermentation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biovalorization of whole old oil palm trunk (OPT) as low-cost nutrient sources for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous yeasts were intensively investigated. Oil palm sap (OPS) squeezed from OPT containing mainly glucose (52%), sucrose (28%), and arabinose (20%) was used directly while the residual OPT fiber was acid-hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars before use. The main sugars in OPT hydrolysate (OPTH) were arabinose (47%), xylose (35%), and glucose (18%). Six oleaginous yeasts including Rhodotorula mucilaginosa G43, Candida tropicalis X37, Trichosporonoides spathulata JU4-57, Kluyveromyces marxianus X32, Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5151, and Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5054 were screened. Among the strains screened, R. mucilaginosa G43 and C. tropicalis X37 gave the maximum lipid yields of 65–68 mg/g-sugar from OPS. When OPTH was used, Y. lipolytica TISTR 5054 grew best and produced higher yields of lipids (55–58 mg/g-sugar) than other strains. To manipulate the suitably high C/N ratio for lipid production, the fed-batch fermentations using various co-carbon sources were performed. Crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct from biodiesel production, was the best co-carbon source that could increase the lipid production up to 3.07 ± 0.03 g/L from OPS and 1.80 ± 0.06 g/L from OPTH. The preliminary mass balance revealed the practical biovalorization of whole felled OPT into yeast biomass and lipids that may greatly increase the competiveness of the bioenergy and palm oil industries.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Thangavelu K, Sundararaju P, Srinivasan N, Uthandi S (2021) Characterization of biomass produced by Candida tropicalis ASY2 grown using sago processing wastewater for bioenergy applications and its fuel properties. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01129-7.

  2. Rane DV, Pawar PP, Odaneth AA, Lali AM (2021) Microbial oil production by the oleaginous red yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis NCIM 3168, using corncob hydrolysate. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01298-z

  3. Nair AS, Sivakumar N (2022) Biodiesel production by oleaginous bacteria Rhodococcus opacus PD630 using waste paper hydrolysate. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02135-z

  4. Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Maneerat S, Prasertsan P (2019) Potential use of flocculating oleaginous yeasts for bioconversion of industrial wastes into biodiesel feedstocks. Renew Energy 136:1311–1319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tampitak S, Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Prasertsan P (2015) Lipid production from hemicellulose and holocellulose hydrolysate of palm empty fruit bunches by newly isolated oleaginous yeasts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 176(6):1801–1814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Komonkiat I, Cheirsilp B (2013) Felled old oil palm trunk as a renewable source for biobutanol production by Clostridium spp. Bioresour Technol 146200–207

  7. Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B (2013) Industrial wastes utilization for low cost production of raw material oil through microbial fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169(1):110–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Srinuanpan S, Cheirsilp B, Prasertsan P (2018) Effective biogas upgrading and production of biodiesel feedstocks by strategic cultivation of oleaginous microalgae. Energy 148:766–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lokesh BE, Zubaidah AH, Takamitsu A, Akihiko K, Yoshinori M, Rokiah H, Othman S, Yutaka M, Kumar S (2012) Potential of oil palm trunk sap as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis and as a bacterial growth medium. Clean-Soil, Air, Water 40(3):310–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Prasertsan P (2016) Valorization of palm oil mill effluent into lipid and cell-bound lipase by marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and their application in biodiesel production. Waste Biomass Valor 7(3):417–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Intasit R, Maneerat S, Saimmai A (2020) Enhanced valorization of industrial wastes for biodiesel feedstocks and biocatalyst by lipolytic oleaginous yeast and biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 148:104911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar LR, Yellapu SK, Tyagi RD, Zhang X (2019) A review on variation in crude glycerol composition, bio-valorization of crude and purified glycerol as carbon source for lipid production. Bioresour Technol 293:122155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Berikten D, Hosgun EZ, Bozan B, Kivanc M (2021) Improving lipid production capacity of new natural oleaginous yeast: Pichia cactophila firstly. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01466-1

  14. Juanssilfero AB, Kahar P, Amza RL et al (2019) Lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi using sap squeezed from felled old oil palm trunks. J Biosci Bioeng 6:726–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hu C, Zhao X, Zhao J, Wu S, Zhao ZK (2009) Effects of biomass hydrolysis by-products on oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloide. Bioresour Technol 100:4843–4847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Almeida JRM, Bertilsson M, Gorwa-Grauslund MF, Gorsich S, Lidén G (2009) Metabolic effect of furaldehyde and impact on biotechnological process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82:625–638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu ZL, Blaschek HP (2010) Biomass inhibitors and in situ detoxification. In Biomass to biofuels: strategies for global industries. Wiley pp. 233–259

  18. Heer D, Heine D, Sauer U (2009) Resistance of Saccharomyces serevisiae to high concentrations of furfural is based on NADPH-dependent reduction by at least two oxidoreductases. Appl Environment Microbiol 75:7631–7638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Papanikolaou S (2012) Oleaginous yeasts: biochemical events related with lipid synthesis and potential biotechnological applications. Ferment Technol 1:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kitcha S, Cheirsilp B (2013) Enhancing lipid production from crude glycerol by newly isolated oleaginous yeasts: strain selection, process optimization and fed-batch strategy. Bioener Res 6(1):300–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sengmee D, Cheirsilp B, Suksaroge TT, Prasertsan P (2017) Biophotolysis-based hydrogen and lipid production by oleaginous microalgae using crude glycerol as exogenous carbon source. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42(4):1970–1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sae-Ngae S, Cheirsilp B, Louhasakul Y, Suksaroj TT, Intharapat P (2020) Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact of biovalorization of agro-industrial wastes for biodiesel feedstocks by oleaginous yeasts. Sust Environ Res 30(1):11

  23. Gao Z, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang M, Wang J, Liu Y (2016) Effect of crude glycerol impurities on lipid preparation by Rhodosporidium toruloides yeast 32489. Bioresour Technol 218:373–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jeevan Kumar SP, Garlapati VK, Kumar Srinivas GL, Banerjee‬ R‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬ (2021) Bioconversion of waste glycerol for enhanced lipid accumulation in Trichosporon shinodae. Biomass Conv Bioref DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01799-x

  25. Gong Z, Zhao M, He Q, Zhou W, Tang M, Zhou W (2022) Synergistic effect of glucose and glycerol accelerates microbial lipid production from low-cost substrates by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. Biomass Convers Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02369-5

  26. Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Treu L, Kougias PG, Angelidaki I (2020) Metagenomic insights into bioaugmentation and biovalorization of oily industrial wastes by lipolytic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica during successive batch fermentation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 67(6):1020–1029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Louhasakul Y, Treu L, Kougias PG, Campanaro S, Cheirsilp B, Angelidaki I (2021) Valorization of palm oil mill wastewater for integrated production of microbial oil and biogas in a biorefinery approach. J Cleaner Prod 296:126606

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Graduate School of Prince of Songkla University and Thai government under Grant No. AGR600494S. The first and third authors were supported by Thailand Research Fund under Grant No. RTA6280014.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Benjamas Cheirsilp & Rawitsara Intasit

  2. Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala, 95000, Thailand

    Yasmi Louhasakul

Authors
  1. Benjamas Cheirsilp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rawitsara Intasit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yasmi Louhasakul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Benjamas Cheirsilp: conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. Rawitsara Intasit: investigation, data curation, writing—original draft preparation. Yasmi Louhasakul: investigation, data curation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamas Cheirsilp.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cheirsilp, B., Intasit, R. & Louhasakul, Y. Biovalorization of whole old oil palm trunk as low-cost nutrient sources for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous yeasts through batch and fed-batch fermentation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 5251–5260 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02735-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02735-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation