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Optimization of long-term storage stability of Kusum biodiesel using herbal anti-oxidant

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Abstract

Currently, biodiesel is proclaimed as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. However, poor oxidation stability of biodiesel is the major challenge for long-term storage of biodiesel. The oxidative nature of fuel degrades the viscosity, calorific value, acid value, and so on. Still, antioxidants provided satisfactory results. Ginger powder has good antioxidant properties. The present study explored the possibility to improve storage stability with the major characteristics of biodiesel fuel like calorific value, acid value, kinematic viscosity, and peroxide value. The response surface methodology (RSM) optimization has been employed and process parameters were taken as storage time, exposure temperature, and blending ratio and ginger antioxidant. For test fuels, oxidation stability results data was obtained by the EN14112 reference method Rancimat. The interaction plots have been shown in the present work and got 31.3% biodiesel blend, 676.7 ppm concentration of ginger, 120 °C exposure temperature, and 4.24 months storage time. After analysis, RSM optimizer results of calorific value, viscosity, acid value, and induction period were 42 MJ/kg, 3.3 cSt, 0.176 mgKOH/g, and 16 h respectively. Validation has been done through experimental trails and found satisfactory limits. So, ginger is explored as a novel antioxidant at variable concentration and found satisfactory for biodiesel fuel storage.

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Abbreviations

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT:

Hydroxyl toluene

TBHQ:

Tert-butyl hydroquinone

PG:

Propyl gallate

IP:

Induction period

CCRD:

Central composite rotating design

CC:

Catalyst concentration

CI:

Compression ignition

CFPP:

Cold filter plugging point

cSt:

Centistoke

CN:

Cetane number

CV:

Calorific value

g/kg:

Gram per kilogram

g/cc:

Gram per cubic centimeter

EN:

European Standards

KME:

Kusum biodiesel

D:

Neat diesel

BSEC:

Brake-specific energy consumption

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

HCs:

Hydrocarbons

Hr.:

Hour

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

MR:

Molar ratio

MJ/kg:

Megajoule per kilogram

p-value:

Probability value

RSM:

Response surface methodology

RT:

Reaction time

TBOs:

Tree brone oils

% w/w:

% Weight/weight

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CCRD:

Central composit central design

FFA:

Free fatty acid

PY:

Tri-hydroxy benzene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India

    Harveer Singh Pali

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, UP, India

    Abhishek Sharma

  3. CASRAE, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

    Naveen Kumar

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed To Be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Yashvir Singh

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  1. Harveer Singh Pali
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  4. Yashvir Singh
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Correspondence to Yashvir Singh.

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Pali, H.S., Sharma, A., Kumar, N. et al. Optimization of long-term storage stability of Kusum biodiesel using herbal anti-oxidant. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 1959–1973 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02444-x

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