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Thermoplastic biofilms obtained from an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers’ spent grain: physicochemical characterization and thermal analysis

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Abstract

Brewers’ spent grain is an important source of non-starch polysaccharides, such as arabinoxylans. In this paper, a fraction rich in arabinoxylans was extracted from brewers’ spent grain (BSG-AX) by alkaline medium; was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential; and was used to prepare fourteen thermoplastic films by addition of two plasticizers (glycerol and polypropylene glycol) and a defoamer agent (coconut oil). All films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Activation energy (Ea) of the thermal film’s degradation were determined using four models (Broido, Horowitz-Metzger, Coats-Redfern, and Kissigner-Akahira-Sunose), which provide overall kinetic data. Likewise, microbiological analysis of films was performed for assessing their safety. FTIR spectra of BSG-AX films confirm the presence of distinctive functional groups for arabinoxylan, whereas their morphology shows a homogeneous surface structure. Zeta-potential measures suggest that BSG-AX can be considered as a neutral polysaccharide between pH 3 to 10 (values from − 3.44 to − 9.17 mV). Two stages of mass loss were observed in the plasticized films and three for the control (at 113–174 °C, 215–350 °C, and 487–598 °C). The addition of the plasticizer and defoamer agents increases the Ea of the films; namely, the films show greater thermal stability. Besides, the microbiological analysis suggests that the BSG-AX films are safe (absence of total coliforms and 102 CFU g−1 of aerobic mesophylls). In conclusion, plasticized films prepared with BSG-AX have characteristics such as resistance to a wide range of temperatures and can be used as packaging materials.

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Acknowledgements

Y. J. H. acknowledges CONACyT, Mexico, for their support through a PhD fellowship. C. T. I., K. A. A., L. G. G. O., N. C. C., D. O. R., and A. C. O.; we also thank Sistema Nacional de Investigadores for the stipend received.

Funding

This research was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico (project number CB-2013–220163).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo., Mexico

    Yari Jaguey-Hernández, Luis Guillermo González-Olivares & Araceli Castañeda-Ovando

  2. Institute of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo., Mexico

    Cecilio Tapia-Ignacio & Evodio Pedro Castañeda-Ovando

  3. Agroindustry Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Carr. Tepatepec-San Juan Tepa km. 2, 42660, Francisco I. Madero, Hgo, Mexico

    Karina Aguilar-Arteaga

  4. Nutrition Department, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carr. Pachuca-Actopan, 42160, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hgo., Mexico

    Nelly Cruz-Cansino

  5. Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km. 1, Ex-Hacienda de Aquetzalpa, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico

    Deyanira Ojeda-Ramirez

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  1. Yari Jaguey-Hernández
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  2. Cecilio Tapia-Ignacio
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  8. Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
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Contributions

Conceptualization, A.C.O.; methodology, Y.J.H., C.T.I., E.P.C.O.; investigation, Y.J.H., K.A.A.; analysis of results, L.G.G.O., A.C.O., E.P.C.O.; writing—original draft preparation, A.C.O., D.O.J.; writing—review and editing, L.G.G.O., N.C.C.

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Correspondence to Araceli Castañeda-Ovando.

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Statement of novelty

The inadequate treatment of food industry by-products can cause a negative environmental impact. The brewers’ spent grain (BGS) is the main by-product of the brewing industry, which is obtained in large quantities and is an important source of polysaccharides (mainly arabinoxylans). This by-product was used to recover arabinoxylans (AXs), that can be considered as high-added-value compounds. Additionally, an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from BSG was used to prepare thermoplastic films. These materials were characterized and showed properties that can be favorable for their potential use as coating or packaging material. The ability of AXs to form films has been previously evaluated; however, this work constitutes an advance in the understanding of thermal stability and the effect of plasticizer addition.

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Jaguey-Hernández, Y., Tapia-Ignacio, C., Aguilar-Arteaga, K. et al. Thermoplastic biofilms obtained from an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers’ spent grain: physicochemical characterization and thermal analysis. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 14035–14047 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02288-x

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