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RETRACTED ARTICLE: ArticleNoteExploration of non-edible palm kernel oil as a potential heat transfer fluid for higher temperature applications

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Abstract

The need for new renewable heat transfer fluid (HTF) is in an increasing trend for high-temperature solar applications, and bio-oil synthesized from clean energy sources is considered as one kind of ideal alternative for thermal oil in solar and heat applications. The major merits of employing bio-oil in high-temperature applications are less volatile nature, high availability, non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and renewable resources. The work’s objective is to explore the potentials of using non-edible Palm kernel oil as a heat transfer fluid for high-temperature applications. Oil derived from the palm kernel for synthesizing heat transfer fluid was used as a feedstock. Chemical conversion using base catalyst reaction was allowed to transform palm kernel oil into heat transfer fluid. The thermo physical properties like dynamic viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and density were analyzed and compared with the conventional heat transfer fluid. The results showed that the properties are developed gradually with increasing temperature, and all are influenced by the fatty acids of the oil. The EN14214 standards were compared with kernel oil heat transfer fluid characteristics and found within the standards.

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Abbreviations

PKO:

Palm kernel oil

HTF:

Heat transfer fluid

FFA:

Free fatty acids

DOE:

Design of experiment

A.V:

Acid value

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

SF:

Synthetic fluid

SHC:

Specific heat capacity

STHC:

Solar thermal heat capacity

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Automobile Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Ramapuram, , Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Palanichamy Ramasamy

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562112, India

    Beemkumar N

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ganesan Subbiah

  4. Department of Automobile Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Yuvarajan Devarajan

  5. School of Mechanical Engineering Department, Kiit Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ruby Mishra

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  1. Palanichamy Ramasamy
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  2. Beemkumar N
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  4. Yuvarajan Devarajan
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Correspondence to Beemkumar N or Yuvarajan Devarajan.

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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05517-1"

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Ramasamy, P., Beemkumar N, Subbiah, G. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: ArticleNoteExploration of non-edible palm kernel oil as a potential heat transfer fluid for higher temperature applications. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 11769–11777 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02048-x

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