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Biofuel production from novel Prunus domestica kernel oil: process optimization technique

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Abstract

Biodiesel obtained from low-cost non-edible oils is the most promising alternative fuel for conventional diesel fuel. In this current work, Prunus domestica kernel oil was used as a feedstock for synthesizing methyl ester. The FFA value of the kernel oil was examined by employing the isopropyl alcohol technique and found to be 11.63 mg KOH/g. Hence, oil was processed with a two-step transesterification process using acid (H2SO4) and base (NaOH) catalyst reaction to convert into biodiesel. To obtain maximum yield and high-quality biodiesel, an optimization technique was employed. In this technique, the process parameters such as experimental duration, reaction temperature, NaOH concentration, and methanol to oil ratio were optimized based on Taguchi technique. The investigations revealed that 150 min, 60°C, 8:1 ratio, and 1 wt% NaOH were optimal process parameters obtained with a reaction efficiency of 97.86%. The experimental analysis considered that the methanol to oil ratio was happened to be the most substantial entity using ANOVA. The biodiesel Prunus domestica methyl ester produced matched and fulfilled the standards EN14214.

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Abbreviations

PDFO:

Prunus domestica kernel oil

RBF:

Round bottom flask

PDME:

Prunus domestica methyl ester

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

FFA:

Free fatty acid

DOE:

Design of experiment

A.V:

Acid value

S/N ratio:

Signal to noise ratio

OA:

Orthogonal array

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, DM I Engineering College, Aralvaimozhi, Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India

    P Babu Aurtherson

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adithya College of Engineering, E.G. Dist., Surampalem, A.P, 533437, India

    Bhanu Teja Nalla

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sithiswarar Engineering College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Karthikeyan Srinivasan

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Science & Technology, Chittor, Andra Pradesh, India

    Kulmani Mehar

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Yuvarajan Devarajan

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  1. P Babu Aurtherson
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  2. Bhanu Teja Nalla
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  3. Karthikeyan Srinivasan
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  5. Yuvarajan Devarajan
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Correspondence to Yuvarajan Devarajan.

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Aurtherson, P.B., Nalla, B.T., Srinivasan, K. et al. Biofuel production from novel Prunus domestica kernel oil: process optimization technique. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 6249–6255 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01551-5

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