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Production Process Optimization study on the synthesis of Manilkara zapota seed bio-oil and its characterization

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Abstract

In this study, Manilkara zapota seed oil was used for biodiesel production. The free fatty acid content of the oil was determined as 5.91 mg KOH/g and hence a two-step acid-base transesterification reaction was followed to convert M. zapota seed oil into biodiesel. The performance variables such as reaction temperature, alcohol to oil ratio, experimental duration, and catalyst weight were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array. The study revealed a 40°C reaction temperature, 6:1 alcohol-to-oil ratio, 150 min experimental duration, and 1 wt.% NaOH catalyst that were optimal performance variables to obtain maximum conversion efficiency of 97.08%. Among the four performance variables, the alcohol-to-oil ratio was found to be the most effective variable with 84.36% of the contribution. The synthesized Manilkara zapota methyl ester (MZME) procured from seed oil with optimized performance variables matches with the standards of ASME D 6751.

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Abbreviations

MZSO:

Manilkara zapota seed oil

MZME:

Manilkara zapota methyl ester

OA:

orthogonal array

RBF:

round bottom flask

A.V:

acid value

FFA:

free fatty acid

DOE:

design of experiment

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

S/N ratio:

signal to noise ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, DM I Engineering College, Aralvaimozhi, Kanniyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

    P. Babu Aurtherson

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    H. Suresh Babu Rao

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    S. Ganesan

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering, Surampalem, Andra Pradesh, 533437, India

    N. Bhanu Teja

  5. Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Educational and Research, Chennai, India

    Mohanavel Vinayagam

  6. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380026, India

    Gautam Choubey

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  1. P. Babu Aurtherson
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Correspondence to Mohanavel Vinayagam or Gautam Choubey.

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Aurtherson, P.B., Suresh Babu Rao, H., Ganesan, S. et al. Production Process Optimization study on the synthesis of Manilkara zapota seed bio-oil and its characterization. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 5005–5013 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01453-6

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