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Multi-response optimization for the production of Albizia saman bark hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization: characterization and pyrolysis kinetic study

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Abstract

In this study, Albizia saman bark hydrochar (ASB-HC) as a solid biofuel was generated by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Response surface methodology (RSM) identified the importance of variables and their interactions to conduct the experiments. The effects of the reaction temperature (180–200 °C), residence time (2–4 h), and stirring speed (400–600 rpm) on ASB-HC yield (wt. %) and higher heating value (HHV) were analyzed and optimized for these factors and responses using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of RSM. FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDX, and HHV analyses were done to characterize and understand the effects of HTC on Albizia saman bark (ASB-raw) and ASB-HC in an optimized state. In this optimized state, the carbonization temperature, residence time, and stirring speed were 180 °C, 4 h, and 600 rpm, respectively, with 69.89% yield and 18.59 MJ/kg HHV. The influence of temperature on hydrochar production compared to the time and stirring speed was evident in the investigation. The HHV of ASB-raw was 15.8 MJ/kg which increased to 18.59 MJ/kg at ASB-HC. The proximate and ultimate analysis revealed that ASB-HC had higher fixed carbon but there was less oxygen and volatile matter content than ASB-raw. The obtained activation energy indicated the slower reaction rate of hydrochar degradation. This investigation provides practical insights about hydrochar properties, process conditions, and thermal degradation kinetics on hydrothermal treatment for bark feedstock.

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Acknowledgments

Authors wish to thank Professor Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, for TGA and FTIR analysis.

Funding

The authors received support from the GARE (Grant for Advanced Research in Education) project (Grant No. 37. 20. 0000. 004. 003. 020. 2016) and Khulna University Research cell (KU/Rcell-04/2000-212, Dated: 05/12/2018) for this research.

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  1. Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh

    Afrin Sultana, Sharif Hasan Limon & Md. Azharul Islam

  2. Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh

    Tamanna Mamun Novera & Md. Atikul Islam

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  1. Afrin Sultana
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Correspondence to Md. Azharul Islam.

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Sultana, A., Novera, T.M., Islam, M.A. et al. Multi-response optimization for the production of Albizia saman bark hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization: characterization and pyrolysis kinetic study. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 5783–5797 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01182-2

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