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Green soap formulation: an insight into the optimization of preparations and antifungal action

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Abstract

Ultrasound-assisted extract of Acalypha indica was used to prepare the green soap formulation. Previously, D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the mixture of oil components including coconut oil (A, 34–56%), soybean oil (B, 19–31%), castor oil (C, 14–23%), sunflower oil (D, 4–6%), and olive oil (E, 5–9%). Linear regression models were proposed to predict the responses, i.e., hardness (Y1), iodine (Y2), and iodine number saponification (INS) (Y3), and validated with a high degree of statistical accuracy (Fcal > Ftab; df = 4, p < 0.0001; R2 > 0.9950). Optimization results revealed that the formulation containing 44.57% A, 23.62% B, 17.44% C, 5.37% D, and 9.0% E would yield 41 Y1, 62 Y2, and 159 Y3. The chemical properties of the optimized soap formulation were quite comparable concerning the standard soap specifications (IS13498). Further, this formulation was supplemented with Acalypha indica extract to prepare the green soap, and its antifungal activity was determined using the agar dilution method.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

    Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu, Rajarathinam Nithya, Sivanantham Arul Pasupathi, Murugan Prakash & Mayilvahanan Nishanth

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India

    Raja Sivashankar

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

    Arunachalam Bose Sathya

  4. School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India

    Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam

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  1. Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu
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  2. Rajarathinam Nithya
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Correspondence to Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu.

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Thirunavukkarasu, A., Nithya, R., Sivashankar, R. et al. Green soap formulation: an insight into the optimization of preparations and antifungal action. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 299–310 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01094-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01094-1

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