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Macroalgae and coal-based biochar as a sustainable bioresource reuse for treatment of textile wastewater

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Abstract

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are energy-intensive and environmentally un-friendly due to the use of synthetic and expensive chemicals. This study investigates the potential of macroalgae and coal-based biochar (control) to remove methylene blue from simulated wastewater as well as real textile wastewater. The macroalgae and coal-based biochars adsorb more than 90% of methylene blue from simulated wastewater in only 10 min on their active surface sites. The distinct feature of the current study is that macroalgae-based biochar shows high dye removal efficiency (75%) even in real textile wastewater. Macroalgae-based biochar also shows 67% dye removal efficiency for second regeneration cycle. Langmuir isotherm (> R2 = 0.954) and pseudo-second-order models (R2 = 0.999) are well fitted to describe the monolayer homogenous biosorption and process kinetics, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that methylene blue biosorption on macroalgae and coal-based biochars is a spontaneous and endothermic process following physiosorption. The maximum biosorption capacity with macroalgae-based biochar is 353.9 mg g−1 at 303 K, which is approximately 27% higher than any previous biochar study on the treatment of methylene blue. It demonstrates that macroalgae-based biochars can be used as a promising alternative adsorbent to activated carbon for textile wastewater treatment.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Biochar

SM:

Simple dry macroalgae

MBCs:

Macroalgae-based biochars

MBC450:

Macroalgae pyrolized at 450 °C

MBC550:

Macroalgae pyrolized at 550 °C

MBC650:

Macroalgae pyrolized at 650 °C

CBCs:

Coal-based biochars

CBC450:

Coal pyrolized at 450 °C

CBC550:

Coal pyrolized at 550 °C

CBC650:

Coal pyrolized at 650 °C

MB:

Methylene Blue

RTWW:

Real textile wastewater

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Acknowledgments

This work has been performed in CUI, Lahore Campus, Pakistan. MSU Rehman, F Rehman, and T Fazal acknowledge research grant under NRPU (2014) Project No. 4547 and F Javed and N Rashid acknowledge NRPU (2016) Project No. 3982 by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biorefinery Engineering and Microfluidics (BEAM) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tahir Fazal, Abrar Faisal, Azeem Mushtaq, Ainy Hafeez, Fahed Javed, Naim Rashid & Fahad Rehman

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

    Tahir Fazal, Aamir Alaud Din & Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman

  3. Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

    Naim Rashid

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Aslam

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Fazal, T., Faisal, A., Mushtaq, A. et al. Macroalgae and coal-based biochar as a sustainable bioresource reuse for treatment of textile wastewater. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1491–1506 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00555-6

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