Abstract
This paper proposes an integrated approach of measuring risk and the associated cost. The model is developed from the simple practical example of a bond spread and then generalized. This leads to a class which encompasses spectral risk measures and hence includes the popular measures Value at Risk and Tail Value at Risk and under certain conditions is coherent. The defining equations lead to a “natural” decomposition by sub portfolio under practical conditions. In an application section market data is used to parametrize the measure and evaluate the capital cost of an example company.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Typically it is one year as for instance in the Solvency II framework.
The applicable condition is X ≥ Y in the case of result distribution and X ≤ Y on claims distributions.
References
Acerbi C (2002) Spectral measures of risk: a coherent representation of subjective risk aversion. J Bank Finance 26(7):1505–1518
Artzner P, Delbaen F, Eber JM, Heath D (1999) Coherent measures of risk. Math Finance 9(3):203–228
Bodoff NM (2007) Capital allocation by percentile layer. In: Presented at the Enterprise Risk Management Symposium Society of Actuaries, March 28–30, 2007, Chicago, IL. http://www.soa.org/library/monographs/other-monographs/2007/august/m-as07-1-03.pdf
Börse (2008) Online 3/2008
CEIOPS, QIS 3 Technical Specifications (2007) http://www.ceiops.eu/media/files/consultations/QIS/QIS3/QIS3TechnicalSpecificationsPart1.PDF
Goldfarb R (2006) CAS exam 8 study note: risk-adjusted performance measurement for P&C insurers. Casualty Actuarial Society. http://www.casact.org/library/studynotes/goldfarb8.2.pdf
Gründl H, Schmeiser H (2006) Ist die Steuerung von Finanzdienstleistungsunternehmen durch Kapitalallokation sinnvoll? In: Working paper on risk management and insurance no. 9, University of St. Gallen. http://www.ivw.unisg.ch/org/ivw/web.nsf/SysWebRessources/WP9/$FILE/WP9.pdf
Mack T (2002) Schadenversicherungsmathematik. Verlag Versicherungswirtschaft, Karlsruhe
Milne A, Onorato M (2007) The relationship between risk capital and required returns in financial institutions: some preliminary results. In: Presented at the Enterprise Risk Management Symposium Society of Actuaries, March 28–30, 2007, Chicago, IL. http://www.soa.org/library/monographs/other-monographs/2007/august/m-as07-1-06.pdf
Overbeck L (2004) Spectral capital allocation. In: Dev A (ed) Economic capital, a practitioner guide. Risk Books, London
Tasche D (2002) Expected shortfall and beyond. J Bank Finance 26(7):1519–1533
Urban M, Dittrich J, Klüppelberg C, Stölting R (2004) Allocation of risk capital to insurance portfolios. Blätter der DGVFM XXVI(3):389–406
Vazza D, Aurora D, Kraemer N, Kesh S, Torres J (2007) Annual 2006 global corporate default study and ratings transitions. Standard & poor’s—research and knowledge. http://www.creditpro.standardandpoors.com/pdf/Default%20Study%20-%20Shortest%20Version.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baier, A. An integrated Cost of Risk model and its application to company valuation. Eur. Actuar. J. 1 (Suppl 2), 169–184 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-011-0018-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-011-0018-0