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Irregular SuDoKu Modeling of Solar Photovoltaic Arrays for Partial Shading Optimization

  • Research Article-Electrical Engineering
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Abstract

When photovoltaic (PV) arrays are subjected to partial shading conditions, the energy generated by the entire system diminishes with the appearance of multiple peaks in the P–V characteristics. A novel configuration for PV modules (PVMs) in an array has been put forth in this paper that aims to increase the output power generated by the array under partial shading conditions. This configuration involves the physical arrangement of PVMs as per the novel irregular SuDoKu (IRS) puzzle pattern connected to each other in a total cross-tied (TCT) arrangement. The electrical connections between the PVMs remain undisturbed in accomplishing this arrangement. The shading effect on PVMs within any single row is significantly reduced by this arrangement of PVMs which, in turn, increases the power generated by the PV array (PVA). Modeling and validations of these PVA configurations (PVACs) are done using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The considered PVACs are evaluated by taking numerous performance factors (i.e., mismatch power losses, efficiency, global maximum power point (GMPP) and the fill factor (FF)). The results of the proposed IRS arrangement are compared with TCT and recently proposed configurations such as SuDoKu, optimalA SuDoKu, Futoshiki SuDoKu, optimalB SuDoKu, improved SuDoKu, modified SuDoKu, hyper SuDoKu and multi-diagonal SuDoKu. The GMPP, FF and efficiency are the highest for the IRS method, with the values being 5894.4 W, 71.88% and 14.08%, respectively. Hence, the IRS is the best method in comparison with the other listed reconfiguration techniques.

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Abbreviations

β:

Number of cells connected in series

\(e\) :

Electron charge

\(G\) :

Solar irradiance

\({G}_{\mathrm{STC}}\) :

Solar irradiance at STC

\({I}_{a}\) :

PVA current

\({I}_{\mathrm{out}}\) :

PVM output current

\({I}_{\mathrm{pg}}\) :

Photo generated current

\({I}_{s}\) :

Diode reverse saturation current

\(k\) :

Boltzmann’s constant

\({R}_{\mathrm{series}}\) :

Series resistance of PV cell

\({R}_{\mathrm{shunt}}\) :

Shunt resistance of PV cell

\({V}_{a}\) :

PVA voltage

\({V}_{\mathrm{oc}}\) :

PVM open circuit voltage

\({V}_{\mathrm{out}}\) :

PVM output voltage

\(T\) :

Junction temperature

BL:

Bridge link

FF:

Fill factor

FS:

Futoshiki SuDoKu

GMPP:

Global MPP

HC:

Honeycomb

IRS:

Irregular SuDoKu

IS:

Improved SuDoKu

LMPP:

Local maximum power point

MPL:

Mismatch power losses

MPP:

Maximum power point

MS:

Modified SuDoKu

OPTS:

OptimalB SuDoKu

OS:

OptimalA SuDoKu

PSC:

Partial shading condition

PV:

Photovoltaic

PVA:

PV array

PVAC:

PVA configuration

PVM:

PV module

SP:

Series–parallel

STC:

Standard test condition

TCT:

Total cross tied

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India

    Shahroz Anjum & V. Mukherjee

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  1. Shahroz Anjum
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Correspondence to Shahroz Anjum.

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Anjum, S., Mukherjee, V. Irregular SuDoKu Modeling of Solar Photovoltaic Arrays for Partial Shading Optimization. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 14977–15002 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07864-z

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