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Removal of Major Pollutants from Petroleum Wastewater by Adsorption with Activated Carbon Derived from Date Seed in an Inverse Fluidized Bed

  • Research Article-Chemical Engineering
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Abstract

The present paper deals with the determination of pollutant removal efficiency of date pit-activated carbon (DPAC) from petroleum industry wastewater in a continuously operating inverse fluidized bed (IFB). The effect of physical and operating parameters of the adsorption process on total organic carbon (TOC), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the petroleum wastewater were investigated through rigorous experimentation (184 data sets). The pollutant removal efficiency was found to be highly satisfactory with more than 95% reduction in COD, BOD and more than 88% reduction in TOC achieved under optimum condition within 160 min of wastewater circulation time through inverse fluidized DPAC bed. Three empirical correlations for percentage reductions of TOC, BOD and COD as a function of eight different physical and operating parameters were developed by dimensional analysis and the exponents were evaluated using 92 assorted experimental data and validated by the residual 92 data. The empirical equations developed were found to be well applicable within the range of dimensionless parameters \({Ar}_{m}\), \({Re}_{p}\), (\({\rho }_{l}/{(\rho }_{l}-{\rho }_{p}))\) and the dimensionless bed height of 1.663 to 55.4211, 0.1089 to 2.8181, 3.8644 to 4.3137 and 25.423 to 36.0169, respectively.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Activated carbon

v l (LT− 1):

Actual velocity

BOD (ppm):

Biological oxygen demand

h bi (m):

Bed expansion

COD (ppm):

Chemical oxygen demand

t c (T):

Contact time

t cdim = \(\frac{{\mu }_{l} {t}_{c}}{{d}_{p}^{2}{(\rho }_{l}-{\rho }_{s})}\) :

Dimensionless circulation tank

\({{h}_{b}}_{dim}= \frac{{h}_{bi}}{{d}_{p}}\) :

Dimensionless initial bed height

DPAC:

Date pit-activated carbon

g (LT− 2):

Gravitational acceleration

IFB:

Inverse fluidized bed

\(Ar_{m}= \frac{{ dp^{3} \left( {\rho l - \rho_{s} } \right)^{2} g}}{{\mu l^{2} }}\) :

Modified Archimedes number

\({\mathrm{Re}}_{p}\) :

Modified Reynolds number

F NET :

Net force

dp (L):

Particle diameter

\({\text{Re}}_{p} = \frac{{dp (\rho l - \rho_{s} )^{ } v_{s} }}{{ \mu_{l} }}\) :

Particle Reynolds number

PBOD :

Percentage BOD

PCOD :

Percentage COD

PTOC :

Percentage TOC

v s (LT− 1):

Superficial velocity

h s :

Static bed

T c (T):

Time for complete cycle

TOC (ppm):

Total organic carbon

t c (sec):

Time of recirculation

v t (L):

Total volume of wastewater in the feed wastewater tank

\({\Delta \rho }_{dim}=\) \(\frac{{\rho }_{l} }{{{\rho }_{l}}- {\rho }_{s}}\),:

Dimensionless density difference

ρ l (ML− 3):

Liquid density

µ l (ML− 1T− 1):

Liquid viscosity

ρ s (ML− 3):

Particle density / Solid density

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the National United Dates Company L.L.C, Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company, SAOC (ORPIC). They would also like to thank National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Muscat, Oman and National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Karunya Sakhile, Jyoti Prakas Sarkar & Parthapratim Gupta

  2. Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Feroz Shaik

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  1. Karunya Sakhile
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Correspondence to Parthapratim Gupta.

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Sakhile, K., Sarkar, J.P., Gupta, P. et al. Removal of Major Pollutants from Petroleum Wastewater by Adsorption with Activated Carbon Derived from Date Seed in an Inverse Fluidized Bed. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 8557–8569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07109-5

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