Abstract
This paper focuses on detailed experimental and numerical investigations carried out to study the behaviour of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) short columns subjected to uniaxial compression. Experimental investigation includes the study of the behaviour of short reinforced RAC columns in which 30% of the natural coarse aggregates were replaced with recycled coarse aggregates and percentage of longitudinal steel reinforcement was also varied. Maximum axial load and failure modes of columns were observed. Numerical investigations were also carried out to simulate the behaviour of short RAC columns that were tested during the study along with some other columns of same size tested in another study by the authors. Software used in the simulation was first tested by modelling and simulating behaviour of columns obtained from past researches. Results were compared in terms of ultimate load carrying capacities and failure patterns. Results obtained experimentally were found to be in close agreement when compared with the results predicted through simulation. Load carrying capacities of the tested columns were also compared with equations proposed by different design codes. Lot of variation was observed in the peak loads predicted by the equations proposed by different design codes as they have been proposed for natural aggregate concrete (NAC) columns and a correction factor needs to be introduced depending on the physical properties of RCA if they are to be used for RAC.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xiao, J.: Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Springer, Berlin (2018)
Bai, G.; Zhu, C.; Liu, C.; Liu, B.: An evaluation of the recycled aggregate characteristics and the recycled aggregate concrete mechanical properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 240, 117978 (2020)
Deng, Z.; Liu, B.; Ye, B.; Xiang, P.: Mechanical behavior and constitutive relationship of the three types of recycled coarse aggregate concrete based on standard classification. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 22, 30–45 (2020)
Kazmi, S.M.S.; Munir, M.J.; Wu, Y.-F.; Patnaikuni, I.; Zhou, Y.; Xing, F.: Influence of different treatment methods on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: a comparative study. Cem. Concr. Compos. 104, 103398 (2019)
Pacheco, J.; de Brito, J.; Chastre, C.; Evangelista, L.: Experimental investigation on the variability of the main mechanical properties of concrete produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 201, 110–120 (2019)
Wang, X.; Yang, X.; Ren, J.; Han, N.; Xing, F.: A novel treatment method for recycled aggregate and the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 10, 1389–1401 (2021)
Tam, V.W.; Gao, X.; Tam, C.M.: Microstructural analysis of recycled aggregate concrete produced from two-stage mixing approach. Cem. Concr. Res. 35, 1195–1203 (2005)
Tam, V.W.; Tam, C.M.; Wang, Y.: Optimization on proportion for recycled aggregate in concrete using two-stage mixing approach. Constr. Build. Mater. 21, 1928–1939 (2007)
Xiao, J.; Li, W.; Poon, C.: Recent studies on mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete in China: a review. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 55, 1463–1480 (2012)
Choi, W.-C.; Yun, H.-D.: Compressive behavior of reinforced concrete columns with recycled aggregate under uniaxial loading. Eng. Struct. 41, 285–293 (2012)
Gayarre, F.L.; Perez, C.L.-C.; Lopez, M.A.S.; Cabo, A.D.: The effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 53, 260–266 (2014)
Hastemoglu, H.: Effect of recycled aggregate on the compressive behaviour of short concrete columns. J. Civ. Environ. Eng. 5, 194 (2015)
Wang, Y.; Chen, J.; Zong, B.; Geng, Y.: Mechanical behavior of axially loaded recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tubular stubs and reinforced recycled aggregate concrete stubs. J. Build. Struct. 32, 170–177 (2011)
Sun, C.; Lange, D.A.; Xiao, J.; Ding, T.: Contact behavior between cracked surfaces of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 155, 1168–1178 (2017)
Wang, Y.; Peng, Y.; Kamel, M.M.A.; Ying, L.: 2D numerical investigation on damage mechanism of recycled aggregate concrete prism. Constr. Build. Mater. 213, 91–99 (2019)
Du, T.; Wang, W.; Liu, Z.; Lin, H.; Guo, T.: The complete stress-strain curve of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression loading. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed. 25, 862–865 (2010)
Deng, Z.; Sheng, J.; Wang, Y.: Strength and constitutive model of recycled aggregate concrete under biaxial compression. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 23, 699–710 (2018)
Xu, J.J.; Chen, Z.P.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.; Zhao, X.Y.; Demartino, C.: A critical assessment of the compressive behaviour of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete columns. Eng. Struct. 161, 161–175 (2018)
SeismoStruct. SeismoStruct—software: a computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear inelastic analysis of structures. www.seismosoft.com. Accessed 2016 (2016)
Červenka, V.; Jendele, L.; Červenka, J.: ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 Theory. 2016. Cervenka Consulting sro (2013)
ACI-211.1: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee (1991)
International, A.: Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimen. ASTM C39/C39M-16 (2016)
Khan, A.-u-R.; Khan, M.S.; Fareed, S.; Xiao, J.: Structural behaviour and strength prediction of recycled aggregate concrete beams. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 45, 3611–3622 (2020)
Committee, A.: ACI 318-19: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. American Concrete Institute: Farmington Hills (2019)
Menetrey, P.; Walther, R.; Zimmermann, T.; Willam, K.; Regan, P.: Simulation of punching failure in reinforced-concrete structures. J. Struct. Eng. 123, 652–659 (1997)
Pramono, E.; Willam, K.: Fracture energy-based plasticity formulation of plain concrete. J. Eng. Mech. 115, 1183–1204 (1989)
Bsi, B.: 8110-1: 1997, Structural Use of Concrete, Code of Practice for Design and Construction, Part 1. British Standard Institution, London (1997)
CSA. CSA A23.3 COMMITTEE. Design of Concrete Structures: A National Standard of Canada. Canadian Standards Association. Rexdale, Canada. CAN3-A23. 3-M94 (2014)
Australia, S.: Australian Standard: Concrete Structures. Standards Australia International (2001)
Eurocode-EC2: Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures: Part 1–1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings. British Standards Institution, London (2014)
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge support provided by the Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, and Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan through Research Project (NRPU Project # 6051) in the pursuit of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, AuR., Nasir, R. & Fareed, S. Simulation and Strength Prediction of Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Short Columns. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 4545–4561 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07034-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07034-7