Abstract
Due to the complexity of indoor environments, there are still some problems in indoor positioning, such as low position calculation efficiency and positioning accuracy. To solve the above two problems, an improved indoor positioning algorithm based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed in this paper. Computation efficiency is increased by area partition and area screening; at the same time, positioning accuracy is improved by using BPNN algorithm considering the environment factors. For comparison, an improved K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm based on area partition and area screening is also proposed. Experiment results show that the improved BPNN-based algorithm can obtain better positioning performance compared with both the traditional KNN method and the improved KNN method.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hua, J.; Yin, Y.; Wang, A.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, W.: Geometry-based non-line-of-sight error mitigation and localization in wireless communications. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 62(10), 1–15 (2019)
Hua, J.; Yin, Y.; Lu, W.; Zhang, Y.; Li, F.: NLOS identification and positioning algorithm based on localization residual in wireless sensor networks. Sensors 18(9), 2991 (2018)
Hua, J.; Meng, L.; Zhou, K.; Jiang, B.; Wang, D.: Accurate and simple wireless localizations based on time product of arrival in the DDM-NLOS propagation environment. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. 9(2), 239–246 (2014)
Zhou, B.; Liu, A.; Lau, V.: Successive localization and beamforming in 5G mmWave MIMO communication systems. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 67(6), 1620–1635 (2019)
Gucciardo, M.; Tinnirello, I.; Dell’Aera, G.M.; Caretti, M.: A flexible 4G/5G control platform for fingerprint-based indoor localization. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2019-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 744–749. IEEE (2019)
Obreja, S.G.; Vulpe, A.: Evaluation of an indoor localization solution based on Bluetooth low energy beacons. In: 2020 13th International Conference on Communications (COMM), pp. 227–231. IEEE (2020)
Poulose, A.; Han, D.S.: Feature-based deep LSTM network for indoor localization using UWB measurements. In: 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC), pp. 298–301. IEEE (2021)
Kachurka, V.; Rault, B.; Munoz, F.I.; Roussel, D.; Bonardi, F.; Didier, J.-Y.; Hadj-Abdelkader, H.; Bouchafa, S.; Alliez, P.; Robin, M.: WECO-SLAM: wearable cooperative slam system for real-time indoor localization under challenging conditions. IEEE Sens. J. (2021)
Kandel, L.N.; Yu, S.: Indoor localization using commodity Wi-Fi APS: techniques and challenges. In: 2019 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 526–530 (2019)
Xue, W.; Hua, X.; Li, Q.; Qiu, W.; Peng, X.: Improved clustering algorithm of neighboring reference points based on KNN for indoor localization. In: 2018 Ubiquitous Positioning, Indoor Navigation and Location-Based Services (UPINLBS), pp. 1–4 (2018)
Huang, L.; Gan, X.; Du, D.; Wang, B.; Li, S.: An innovative weighted KNN indoor location technology. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Communications and Networks, pp. 258–269. Springer (2019)
Sun, Y.; Xu, Y.; Ma, L.: The implementation of fuzzy RBF neural network on indoor location. In: 2009 Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering, pp. 90–93 (2009)
Chong, D.; Zhan, X.: Indoor location algorithm research based on neural network. In: 2014 12th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), pp. 1499–1502 (2014)
Dai, P.; Yang, Y.; Wang, M.; Yan, R.: Combination of DNN and improved KNN for indoor location fingerprinting. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 59, 2019 (2019)
Chen, J.; Dong, C.; He, G.; Zhang, X.: A method for indoor Wi-Fi location based on improved back propagation neural network. Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 27(4), 2511–2525 (2019)
Sadowski, S.; Spachos, P.: Rssi-based indoor localization with the internet of things. IEEE Access 6, 30149–30161 (2018)
Ye, X.: Research on Indoor Localization Technology Based on WiFi. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan (2018)
Yiu, S.; Dashti, M.; Claussen, H.; Perez-Cruz, F.: Wireless RSSI fingerprinting localization. Signal Process. 131, 235–244 (2017)
Mesecan, I.; Ö. Bucak, I.: Searching the effects of image scaling for underground object detection using KMEANS and KNN. In: 2014 European Modelling Symposium, pp. 180–184. IEEE (2014)
Hou Fangxing, Z.Q.: An optimization method of WLAN positioning based on improved fingerprint clustering. Telecommun. Eng. China 58 (2018)
Zhihua, Z.: Machine Learning. Tsinghua University Press of China, Beijing (2012)
Govindaswamy, V.V.; Caudill, M.; Wilson, J.; Brower, D.; Balasekaran, G.: Clump sort: a stable alternative to heap sort for sorting medical data. In: 2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation, pp. 227–230. IEEE (2010)
Laoudias, C.; Eliades, D.G.; Kemppi, P.; Panayiotou, C.G.; Polycarpou, M.M.: Indoor localization using neural networks with location fingerprints. In: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pp. 954–963. Springer (2009)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Associate Editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Number 62001238 and 62105159, the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (No. 2022D11).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, Y., Wang, T., Xing, Z. et al. An Improved Indoor Location Algorithm Based on Backpropagation Neural Network. Arab J Sci Eng 47, 13823–13835 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06529-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06529-z