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Thermodynamics Examination of Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/Water + EG Nanofluid in a Heated Plate: Crosswise and Stream-wise Aspects

  • Research Article-Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

This research work executes the activation energy and covalent bonding reaction aspects in the flow of hybrid ferroliquid across a stream-wise and crosswise position. Substance of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 are mixed with base liquid water + EG is considered as hybrid ferroliquid. Usual form of heat absorption and heat generation is taken in the thermal equation and magnetic field is taken in the momentum equation. The ODEs are obtained by conversion of PDEs through transformation and solved by RKF-45 scheme. Comparison of ferroliquid and hybrid ferroliquid is made with flow variables and presented in graph format. Computational values of heat transportation rate, mass transportation rate and drag friction are displayed through tabular data. Upshot bring out that the reaction rate decays the concentration while activation energy enrich the temperature. Also in both stream-wise and crosswise position, hybrid ferroliquid is lower than ferroliquid and which is same in concentration but reverted in temperature.

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Abbreviations

\(B_{0}\) :

Magnetic field

\(C\) :

Concentration of the fluid

\(C_{w}\) :

Concentration at wall

\(C_{\infty }\) :

Concentration of the ambient fluid

\(C_{fx}\) :

Coefficient of skin friction

\(C_{fz}\) :

Coefficient of skin friction

\(Cp\) :

Specific heat

\(D\) :

Diffusivity

\(E\) :

Activation energy parameter

\(E_{a}\) :

Activation energy

\(k\) :

Thermal Conductivity

\(K\) :

Boltzmann’s constant

\(K_{r1}^{2}\) :

Reaction rate

\(M\) :

Magnetic parameter

\(n\) :

Fitted rate constant

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number

\(\Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\(Q\) :

Heat source sink parameter

\(Q_{1}\) :

Uniform heat source/sink parameter

\(Rc\) :

Reaction rate parameter

\({\text{Re}}\) :

Local Reynolds number

\(Sc\) :

Schmidt number

\(Sh\) :

Sherwood number

\(T\) :

Temperature of the fluid

\(T_{w}\) :

Temperature at the wall

\(T_{\infty }\) :

Ambient temperature

\(U_{w}\) :

Constant velocity

\(U_{\infty }\) :

Free stream velocity

\(u,\,v\& w\) :

Velocity components

\(x,\,y\& \,z\) :

Cartesian coordinates

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic Viscosity

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic Viscosity

\(\rho\) :

Density

\(\phi\) :

Solid volume fraction

\(\Psi\) :

Stream function

\(\delta\) :

Temperature difference parameter

\(\lambda\) :

Moving parameter

\(\alpha\) :

Thermal diffusivity

\(\rho Cp\) :

Heat capacitance

\(hnf\) :

Hybrid nanofluid

\(nf\) :

Nanofluid

\(f\) :

Base fluid

\(1s\) :

Solid particles of Fe3O4

\(2s\) :

Solid particles of CoFe2O4

ODEs:

Ordinary differential equations

PDEs:

Partial differential equations

RKF-45:

Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg-45

EG:

Ethylene glycol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, K.L.E. Society’s J.T. College, Gadag, 582101, India

    G. K. Ramesh

  2. Department of Mathematics, Davangere University, Davangere, 577007, India

    J. K. Madhukesh & B. C. Prasannakumara

  3. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan

    S. A. Shehzad

  4. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    F. M. Abbasi

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  1. G. K. Ramesh
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  2. J. K. Madhukesh
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  3. B. C. Prasannakumara
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Correspondence to S. A. Shehzad.

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Ramesh, G.K., Madhukesh, J.K., Prasannakumara, B.C. et al. Thermodynamics Examination of Fe3O4-CoFe2O4/Water + EG Nanofluid in a Heated Plate: Crosswise and Stream-wise Aspects. Arab J Sci Eng 47, 8351–8360 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06265-4

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