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A Study on Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in India Through Open Access Power Procurement

  • Research Article-Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

Electric vehicles (EV) are considered as an alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles to address concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and overseas dependence on crude oil. If we consider 100% replacement of two-wheeler (2 W), three-wheeler (3 W), four-wheeler (4 W) and bus segment in India by 2030 with EVs, electricity requirement is 868.50 billion units, representing 34.63% of the then total generation, which can be met from renewable energy (RE) generation. Even though India has vast potential for RE power generation, presently it is limited to certain states. This study proposes a model in which electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) on an aggregate are accorded high-tension industrial status, allowing them to purchase electricity under open access (OA). Among analyzed states, West Bengal imposes the highest OA charges amounting to 6.02 Rs/kWh and 4.82 Rs/kWh under long-term open access (LTOA) and short-term open access (STOA) for non-captive RE power procurement. Chhattisgarh does not impose any OA charges for LTOA and STOA power procurement for captive RE. Breakeven tariff (BET) is defined to analyze the commercial viability of power purchase through OA. Haryana has the highest BET of 6.82 Rs/kWh for captive as well as non-captive RE power procurement under LTOA and STOA. The least BET for LTOA and STOA is 0.42 Rs/kWh and 1.62 Rs/kWh, respectively, obtained for West Bengal on non-captive RE power procurement. The study reveals that procurement of power from captive RE power generators under STOA is the best possible business opportunity for EVCSs.

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Abbreviations

BU:

Billion units

BET:

Breakeven tariff

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CSS:

Cross-subsidy surcharge

DISCOM:

Distribution company

EV:

Electric vehicle

EVCS:

Electric vehicle charging station

FAME:

Faster adoption and manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicles in India

GoI:

Government of India

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

HT:

High tension

IPP:

Independent power producers

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

LTOA:

Long-term open access

MTOA:

Medium-term open access

OA:

Open access

PCS:

Public charging station

RE:

Renewable energy

RPO:

Renewable purchase obligation

STOA:

Short-term open access

SHP:

Small hydro power

SERC:

State Electricity Regulatory Commission

SLDC:

State Load Despatch Centre

2 W:

Two-wheeler

3 W:

Three-wheeler

4 W:

Four-wheeler

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India

    Sajan Jerome & M. Udayakumar

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Jerome, S., Udayakumar, M. A Study on Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in India Through Open Access Power Procurement. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 12509–12524 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06012-9

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