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Preparation of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Microcapsules by Complex Coacervation and Direct Emulsion: Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Release Properties

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Abstract

This study examines the preparation and characterization of Thymus vulgaris (L.) essential oil (TEO) microcapsules obtained by complex coacervation and direct emulsion techniques. The extraction yield of TEO for this study was 1.64% with Thymol (56.38%) and carvacrol (23.84%) as dominant components. The synthesis protocol was conducted with different polymer/polysaccharide mass ratios, essential oils quantities and cross-linking agent. Optical microscopy images of the microcapsules show spherical shape for particles of different diameters ranging from 5 to 50 μm. SEM analysis shows that the best results were obtained with a polymers ratio of 7%:8% and formaldehyde as cross-linking agent. The encapsulation yield is 65.67 and 98% for complex coacervation and direct emulsion, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency reveals that the amount of oxygenated monoterpenes encapsulated represents 78.34–74.31% of the total coated amount. Monoterpenes hydrocarbons represent 16.03–19.77%, followed by sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons at 3.7–4.2% for complex coacervation and direct emulsion, respectively. This result confirms that encapsulation efficiency can be related to the polarity of each TEO component. All results support the success of TEO encapsulation in terms of storage, protection and release, with lower thermal stability and faster TEO release kinetic for direct emulsion encapsulation. This result contrasts with complex coacervation, which provides a slower release profile and better thermal stability.

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  1. Laboratory of Natural Substances, Bioactive Moieties and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, Larbi Ben M’Hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria

    Samira Chaib & Rabah Arhab

  2. Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia

    Nejib Benali

  3. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, INRAT, Rue Hedi Karray, University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia

    Insaf Sadraoui Ajmi

  4. Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Houcine Bendaoued

  5. Laboratory of Energy, Water, Environment and Processes, (LEEEP), ENIG, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia

    Nejib Benali, Houcine Bendaoued & Mehrez Romdhane

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  1. Samira Chaib
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Chaib, S., Benali, N., Arhab, R. et al. Preparation of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Microcapsules by Complex Coacervation and Direct Emulsion: Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Release Properties. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 5429–5446 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05223-w

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