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Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Bread Fortified with Spearmint

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Abstract

This study focused on the functional properties of bread incorporated with spearmint (S) aqueous extract (S1 = 0% (control), S2 = 2.5%, S3 = 5.0% and S4 = 7.5%) by measuring total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferrous-ion chelating (FIC) ability. Additionally, spearmint bread samples were compared with commercially available bread, including Roti Canai, White Bread (WB), Wheat germ bread (WG), Wholemeal bread (WM). Sensory evaluation was also investigated for spearmint bread samples. The presence of different concentrations of spearmint aqueous extract increased (p < 0.05) TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FIC ability of bread compared to S1 and all spearmint bread samples presented concentration-dependent. The addition of spearmint aqueous extract (5.0% and 7.5%) showed an almost twofold increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to S1 (55 ± 0.3%). DPPH radical scavenging activity of S3 and S4 bread was higher (p < 0.05) than commercially available bread (WM and WG) whereas S2 bread had significantly higher DPPH inhibition activity than WB. However, both TPC and FIC ability of spearmint-containing bread samples were lower (p < 0.05) with that of commercially available bread. The spearmint bread (S2) showed the highest organoleptic properties among spearmint bread. In conclusion, spearmint is a promising food additive to increase antioxidant content in bread.

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Funding

The funding was provided by King Abdulaziz University (Grant No. D-321-247-1441).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Amal Bakr Shori

  2. Biomolecular Research Group, Division of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Leong Ay Kee & Ahmad Salihin Baba

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  1. Amal Bakr Shori
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Correspondence to Amal Bakr Shori.

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Shori, A.B., Kee, L.A. & Baba, A.S. Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Evaluation of Bread Fortified with Spearmint. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 5257–5264 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05012-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05012-5

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