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Comparative Adsorption of Anionic Dyes (Eriochrome Black T and Congo Red) onto Jojoba Residues: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

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Abstract

In this study, jojoba seeds residues are investigated for the removal of anionic dyes (Eriochrome black T and Congo red) from aqueous phase after extraction of oil and defatting (washing with n-hexane) from them. The fatted (F-JR) and defatted (DF-JR) jojoba residues were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and BET analyzer. The results indicated that the surface of F-JR and DF-JR exhibited abundant oxygen functionalities (O–H, C–O, C=O, C–O–C) with highly porous surface morphology. The adsorption results showed that the removal of EBT and CR was significantly affected by solution pH and maximum removal of both dyes (EBT and CR) was obtained at pH 2 and 6, respectively, with equilibrium reached at 600 min. The kinetic results were best fitted with pseudo-second-order model. The Freundlich isotherm model well described the EBT adsorption, whereas CR adsorption better matches the Langmuir isotherm model for both F-JR and DF-JR. The maximum adsorption of EBT and CR was found to be 88.96 and 24.64 and 113.50 and 58.82 mg/g onto F-JR and DF-JR, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of EBT and CR mainly involved electrostatic attraction, chemical reactions, pi-pi interactions and development of hydrophobic forces. The adsorbent showed better removal performance of dyes, when compared to other agriculture residues, indicating potential and beneficial utilization of jojoba residues for effective decontamination of dye-contaminated wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University for funding our project titled ‘Production of Biodiesel from jojoba oil as a future alternative for renewable energy using nanoparticles metal oxide catalyst’ with Project No. of 2017-149-ENG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan

    Habis Al-Zoubi

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31982, Saudi Arabia

    Mukarram Zubair, Mohammad Saood Manzar, Nawaf I. Blaisi & Aleem Qureshi

  3. Department of Basic Engineering Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31982, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah A. Manda

  4. ISC, Department of Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK

    Abdelaziz Matani

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  1. Habis Al-Zoubi
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Correspondence to Mukarram Zubair.

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Al-Zoubi, H., Zubair, M., Manzar, M.S. et al. Comparative Adsorption of Anionic Dyes (Eriochrome Black T and Congo Red) onto Jojoba Residues: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies. Arab J Sci Eng 45, 7275–7287 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04418-5

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