Abstract
Currently, it is difficult to realize environmentally friendly synthesis of zeolites due to the use of the solvent. Therefore, it is of great importance to realize zeolite synthesis from iron ore tailings (IOTs) by a solvent-free method. In this work, in situ formed zeolite crystals are self-assembled and IOTs are converted into hierarchically porous ZSM-5. After that, the products prepared are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The results demonstrate that the samples show well-defined crystallinity and have micro-/mesoporous structures. The BET surface area is estimated to be 319.809 m2 g−1 and the external surface area is 92.693 m2 g−1, which indicate the as-synthesized ZSM-5 is a good hierarchically porous material. This work provides a reference for green synthesis of hierarchically porous ZSM-5 from IOT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Osinubi, K.J.; Yohanna, P.; Eberemu, A.O.: Cement modification of tropical black clay using iron ore tailings as admixture. Transp. Geotech. 5, 35 (2015)
Jegatheesan, V.; Liow, J.L.; Shu, L.; Kim, S.H.; Visvanathan, C.: The need for global coordination in sustainable development. J. Clean. Prod. 17, 637 (2009)
Wang, C.L.; Ni, W.; Zhang, S.Q.; Wang, W.K.: Preparation and properties of autoclaved aerated concrete using coal gangue and iron ore tailings. Constr. Build. Mater. 104, 109 (2016)
Cele, E.N.; Maboeta, M.: A greenhouse trial to investigate the ameliorative properties of biosolids and plants on physicochemical conditions of iron ore tailings: implications for an iron ore mine site remediation. J. Environ. Manag. 165, 167 (2016)
Zhang, C.Q.; Li, S.Q.: Utilization of iron ore tailing for the synthesis of zeolite A by hydrothermal method. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 20, 1605 (2017)
Khoshbin, R.; Karimzadeh, R.: Synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 from rice husk ash with ultrasound assisted alkali-treatment method used in catalytic cracking of light naphtha. Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 1888 (2017)
Nada, F.M.H.; Larsen, S.C.: Insight into seed-assisted template free synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolites. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 239, 444 (2017)
Zhang, Q.; Hu, S.; Zhang, L.L.; Wu, Z.J.; Gong, Y.J.; Dou, T.: Facile fabrication of mesopore-containing ZSM-5 zeolite from spent zeolite catalyst for methanol to propylene reaction. Green Chem. 16, 77 (2014)
Liu, X.F.; Zhang, S.J.; Wang, R.W.; Zhang, Z.T.; Qiu, S.L.: Sustainable synthesis of hierarchically porous silicalite-1 zeolite by steam-assisted crystallization of solid raw materials without secondary templates. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 34, 350 (2018)
Huang, L.M.; Guo, W.P.; Deng, P.; Xue, Z.Y.; Li, Q.Z.: Investigation of synthesizing MCM-41/ZSM-5 composites. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2817 (2000)
Yang, S.T.; Yu, C.X.; Yu, L.L.; Miao, S.; Zou, M.M.; Jin, C.Z.; Zhang, D.Z.: Bridging dealumination and desilication for the synthesis of hierarchical MFI zeolites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 1253 (2017)
Groen, J.C.; Moulijn, J.A.; Perez-Ramirez, J.: Desilication: on the controlled generation of mesoporosity in MFI zeolites. J. Mater. Chem. 16, 2121 (2006)
Perez-Ramirez, J.; Abello, S.; Bonilla, A.; Groen, J.C.: Tailored mesoporosity development in zeolite crystals by partial detemplation and desilication. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 164 (2009)
Chen, H.; Wydra, J.; Zhang, X.; Lee, P.S.; Wang, Z.; Fan, W.; Tsapatsis, M.: Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites with three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous-imprinted structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 12390 (2011)
Zhang, B.; Davis, S.A.; Mann, S.: Starch gel templating of spongelike macroporous silicalite monoliths and mesoporous films. Chem. Mater. 14, 1369 (2002)
Chen, L.; Zhu, S.Y.; Wang, Y.M.; He, M.Y.: One-step synthesis of hierarchical pentasil zeolite microspheres using diamine with linear carbon chain as single template. New J. Chem. 34, 2328 (2010)
Fang, Y.M.; Hu, H.Q.: An ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate with completely crystalline zeolite wall structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 10636 (2006)
Sun, C.; Du, J.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y.; Ren, N.; Shen, W.; Xu, H.; Tang, Y.: A facile route to synthesize endurable mesopore containing ZSM-5 catalyst for methanol to propylene reaction. Chem. Commun. 46, 2671 (2010)
Liu, Y.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z.; Xu, S.; Wang, Y.; Xie, Z.; Han, X.; Bao, X.: Direct observation of the mesopores in ZSM-5 zeolites with hierarchical porous structures by laser-hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 15375 (2008)
Zhang, P.; Wang, L.; Ren, L.; Zhu, L.; Sun, Q.; Zhang, J.; Meng, X.; Xiao, F.S.: “Solvent-free” synthesis of thermally stable and hierarchically porous aluminophosphates (SF-APOs) and heteroatom-substituted aluminophosphates (SF-MAPOs). J. Mater. Chem. 21, 12026 (2011)
Li, C.L.; Wang, Y.Q.; Shi, B.F.; Ren, J.W.; Liu, X.H.; Wang, Y.G.; Guo, Y.; Guo, Y.L.; Lu, G.Z.: Synthesis of hierarchical MFI zeolite microspheres with stacking nanocrystals. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 117, 104 (2009)
Ren, L.M.; Wu, Q.M.; Yang, C.G.; Zhu, L.F.; Li, C.J.; Zhang, P.L.; Zhang, H.Y.; Meng, X.J.; Xiao, F.S.: Solvent-free synthesis of zeolites from solid raw materials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 15173 (2012)
Meng, X.; Xiao, F.S.: Green routes for synthesis of zeolites. Chem. Rev. 114, 1521 (2014)
Jin, Y.; Sun, Q.; Qi, G.; Yang, C.; Xu, J.; Chen, F.; Meng, X.; Deng, F.; Xiao, F.S.: Solvent-free synthesis of silicoaluminophosphate zeolites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 9172 (2013)
Wu, Q.; Wang, X.; Qi, G.; Guo, Q.; Pan, S.; Meng, X.; Xu, J.; Deng, F.; Fan, F.; Feng, Z.; Li, C.; Maurer, S.; Muller, U.; Xiao, F.S.: Sustainable synthesis of zeolites without addition of both organotemplates and solvents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 4019 (2014)
Wu, Q.; Liu, X.; Zhu, L.; Ding, L.; Gao, P.; Wang, X.; Pan, S.; Bian, C.; Meng, X.; Xu, J.; Deng, F.; Maurer, S.; Muller, U.; Xiao, F.S.: Solvent-free synthesis of zeolites from anhydrous starting raw solids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 1052 (2014)
Bordo, A.; Bisio, C.; Marchese, L.: An acid solid layered material. Chem. Mater. 19, 4300 (2007)
Kosuge, K.; Tsunashima, A.: Dispersion of H-magadiite and H-kenyaite particles by ion exchange of H+ with alkali ions. Langmuir 12, 1124 (1996)
Mitamura, Y.; Komori, Y.; Hayashi, S.; Sugahara, Y.; Kuroda, K.: Interlamellar esterification of H-magadiite with aliphatic alcohols. Chem. Mater. 13, 3747 (2001)
Pastore, H.O.; Munsignatti, M.; Mascarenhas, A.J.S.: One-step synthesis of alkyltrimethylammonium-intercalated magadiite. Clays Clay Miner. 48, 224 (2000)
Kamimura, Y.; Itabashi, K.J.; Okubo, T.: Seed-assisted, OSDA-free synthesis of MTW-type zeolite and ‘‘Green MTW’’ from sodium aluminosilicate gel systems. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 147, 149 (2012)
Wu, Q.; Meng, X.J.; Gao, X.H.; Xiao, F.S.: Solvent-free synthesis of zeolites: mechanism and utility. Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 1396 (2018)
Kordatos, K.; Gavela, S.; Ntziouni, A.; Pistiolas, K.N.; Kyritsi, A.; Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V.: Solvent-free synthesis of zeolites: mechanism and utility. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 115, 189 (2008)
Liu, H.T.; Guo, K.X.; Li, X.P.; Gao, X.H.; Cao, L.; Chen, Y.M.; Xu, C.Y.: Understanding and direct strategy to synthesize hydrothermally stable micro-mesoporous aluminosilicates with largely enhanced acidity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 188, 108 (2014)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Project 51874039), National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX07402001) and National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0210301). The authors would like to thank Yonghong Tang from Shiyanjia lab for support in the FTIR analysis (www.shiyanjia.com).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, P., Li, S. & Zhang, C. Sustainable Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous ZSM-5 Zeolite from Iron Ore Tailings Without Secondary Templates. Arab J Sci Eng 45, 187–196 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04199-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04199-6