Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Based on Laboratory and Field Investigations

  • Research Article - Civil Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research studies often propose additives to improve the mechanical properties that extend pavement service life by reducing the rate of permanent deformation of conventional asphalt mixtures. However, questions remain regarding the consistency and efficacy of additives compared to the conventional mixtures, particularly under different conditions of loading and climate inherent to various countries and locations. To shed further light, this paper presents a laboratory and field evaluation of Marshall and Superpave Gyratory-compacted crumb rubber-modified and traditional asphalt concrete mixtures. A laboratory-based study was conducted to ascertain the resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, and permanent deformation of crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixtures. The Marshall stability and resilient modulus of mixtures prepared with crumb rubber-modified mixtures were increased on average by 30 and 43%, respectively, as compared to the control mixtures, whereas the permanent deformation of the crumb rubber-modified mixtures was improved on average by 12% in contrast to the control mixtures. Field investigations on short-term effectiveness revealed crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixture treatment exhibited on average 36.16% drop in International Roughness Index. In contrast, the control mixture pavement showed 24.20% drop in International Roughness Index. The results indicate and quantify the extent to which crumb rubber improves the performance of the conventional mixtures, in terms of the performance criteria specified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mashaan, N.; Ali, A.H.; Karim, M.R.; Abdelaziz, M.: An overview of crumb rubber modified asphalt. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 7(2), 166–170 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mashaan, N.S.; Ali, A.H.; Karim, M.R.; Abdelaziz, M.: Effect of crumb rubber concentration on the physical and rheological properties of rubberised bitumen binders. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 6(4), 684–90 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mashaan, N.S.; Ali, AH.; Koting, S.; Karim, MR.: Performance evaluation of crumb rubber modified stone mastic asphalt pavement in Malaysia. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013 (2013). doi:10.1155/2013/304676

  4. Aslani, F.: Mechanical properties of waste tire rubber concrete. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28(3), 04015152 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. USDOT: A Study of the Use of Recycled Paving Material: Report to Congress. US Department of Transportation (US DOT) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Report No FHWA-RD-93-147. (1993)

  6. Fontes, L.P.; Triches, G.; Pais, J.C.; Pereira, P.A.: Evaluating permanent deformation in asphalt rubber mixtures. Constr. Build. Mater. 24(7), 1193–200 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shen, Z.X.A.J.: Multi-scale evaluation on the interaction between asphalt and crumb rubber. New Front. 2015:10 (2015)

  8. Liang, R.; Lee, S.: Short-term and long-term aging behavior of rubber modified asphalt paving mixture. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 1530, 11–7 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim, H.H.; Jeong, K.-D.; Lee, M.S.; Lee, S.-J.: Effect of FT paraffin wax contents on performance properties of crumb rubber-modified asphalt binders. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27(11), 04015011 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kamal, M.; Khan, K.; Hafeez, I.; Kumar, K.: Comparison of CRMB test sections with conventional pavement section under the same trafficking and environmental conditions. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 34(2), 415 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Osman, S.; Adam, A.: Evaluation of crumb tire rubbermodified hot mix asphalt concrete in sudan. Sustain. Constr. Mater. 2nd international conference on sustainable construction materials: Design, Performance, and application Wuhan, China, vol. 48, pp. 235–644 (2012)

  12. Yildirim, Y.: Polymer modified asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 21(1), 66–72 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee, S.-J.; Akisetty, C.K.; Amirkhanian, S.N.: The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements. Constr. Build. Mater. 22(7), 1368–76 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Xu, M.; Liu, J.; Li, W.; Duan, W.: Novel method to prepare activated crumb rubber used for synthesis of activated crumb rubber modified asphalt. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27(5), 04014173 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dias, J.F.; Picado-Santos, L.; Capitão, S.: Mechanical performance of dry process fine crumb rubber asphalt mixtures placed on the Portuguese road network. Constr. Build. Mater. 73, 247–54 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Al-Khateeb, G.G.; Ramadan, K.Z.: Investigation of the effect of rubber on rheological properties of asphalt binders using superpave DSR. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 19(1), 127–35 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. López-Moro, F.J.; Moro, M.C.; Hernández-Olivares, F.; Witoszek-Schultz, B.; Alonso-Fernández, M.: Microscopic analysis of the interaction between crumb rubber and bitumen in asphalt mixtures using the dry process. Constr. Build. Mater. 48, 691–9 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim, H.H.; Lee, S.-J.: Evaluation of rubber influence on cracking resistance of crumb rubber modified binders with wax additives. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 43(4), 326–33 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Navarro, F.M.; Gámez, M.C.R.: Influence of crumb rubber on the indirect tensile strength and stiffness modulus of hot bituminous mixes. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24(6), 715–24 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, H.; Chen, Z.; Wang, W.; Wang, H.; Hao, P.: Investigation of the rheological modification mechanism of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) containing TOR additive. Constr. Build. Mater. 67, 225–33 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Palit, S.; Reddy, K.S.; Pandey, B.: Laboratory evaluation of crumb rubber modified asphalt mixes. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 15(45), 45–53 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mturi, G.A.; O’Connell, J.; Zoorob, S.E.; De Beer, M.: A study of crumb rubber modified bitumen used in South Africa. Road Mater. Pavement Des. 15(4), 774–90 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Apeagyei, A.K.; Diefenderfer, B.K.: Evaluation of cold in-place and cold central-plant recycling methods using laboratory testing of field-cored specimens. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25(11), 1712–20 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kim, J.R.: Characteristics of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt concrete. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 5(2), 157–64 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Miljković, M.; Radenberg, M.: Thin noise-reducing asphalt pavements for urban areas in Germany. Int. J. Pavement Eng. 13(6), 569–78 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. NHA. (National Highway Authority). General Specifications. NHA Head Quarters, 27 Mauve Area, G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan (1998).

  27. Ali, Y.; Irfan, M.; Ahmed, S.; Khanzada, S.; Mahmood, T.: Investigation of factors affecting dynamic modulus and phase angle of various asphalt concrete mixtures. Mater. Struct. 49(3), 857–68 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ali, Y.; Irfan, M.; Ahmed, S.; Ahmed, S.: Empirical Correlation of permanent deformation tests for evaluating the rutting response of conventional asphaltic concrete mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29(8), 04017059 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. ASTM: Standard Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures. ASTM D123: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2012)

  30. Ibrahim, I.; Fathy, E.; El-Shafie, M.; Elnaggar, M.Y.: Impact of incorporated gamma irradiated crumb rubber on the short-term aging resistance and rheological properties of asphalt binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 81, 42–6 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Irfan, M.; Saeed, M.; Ahmed, S.; Ali, Y.: Performance evaluation of elvaloy as a fuel-resistant polymer in asphaltic concrete airfield pavements. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29(10), 04017163 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Irfan, M.; Khurshid, M.B.; Labi, S.; Flora, W.: Evaluating the cost effectiveness of flexible rehabilitation treatments using different performance criteria. J. Transp. Eng. 135(10), 753–63 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rajagopal, A.; George, K.: Pavement maintenance effectiveness. Transp. Res. Rec. 1276, 62–8 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Labi, S.; Sinha, K.C.: Effectiveness of highway pavement seal coating treatments. J. Transp. Eng. 130(1), 14–23 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. ASTM: ASTM D 7369, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures by Indirect Tension Test. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2011)

  36. Kavussi, A.; Modarres, A.: A model for resilient modulus determination of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and cement from ITS testing results. Constr. Build. Mater. 24(11), 2252–9 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Modarres, A.; Hamedi, H.: Developing laboratory fatigue and resilient modulus models for modified asphalt mixes with waste plastic bottles (PET). Constr. Build. Mater. 68, 259–67 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Dong, Q.; Huang, B.: Failure Probability of resurfaced preventive maintenance treatments: investigation into long-term pavement performance program. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 2481, 65–74 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan

  2. Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001, Australia

    Yasir Ali

  3. Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Risalpur, 24080, Pakistan

    Sarfraz Ahmed

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47050, Pakistan

    Imran Hafeez

Authors
  1. Muhammad Irfan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yasir Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sarfraz Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Imran Hafeez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Imran Hafeez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Irfan, M., Ali, Y., Ahmed, S. et al. Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Based on Laboratory and Field Investigations. Arab J Sci Eng 43, 1795–1806 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2729-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2729-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation