Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metallurgical Study of Stellite 6 Cladding on 309-16L Stainless Steel

  • Research Article - Mechanical Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

309-16L stainless steel was deposited over base metal Grade 91 steel (9Cr–1Mo) as buffer layer by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and flux cored arc welding processes, and then, Stellite 6 (Co–Cr alloy) was coated on stainless steel buffer by SMAW, GTAW and plasma transferred arc welding processes. Stellite 6 coatings were characterized using optical microscope, Vickers hardness tester and optical emission spectrometer, respectively. The FCA deposit has less heat-affected zone and uniform hardness than SMA and GTA deposits. The buffer layer has reduced the formation of any surface cracks and delamination near the fusion zones. The microstructure of Stellite 6 consists of dendrites of Co solid solution and carbides secretion in the interdendrites of Co and Cr matrix. Electron-dispersive spectroscopy line scan has been conducted to analyse the impact of alloying elements in the fusion line and Stellite 6 deposits. It was observed that dilution of Fe in PTA-deposited Stellite 6 was lesser than SMA and GTA deposits and uniform hardness of 600–650 \(\hbox {HV}_{0.3}\) was obtained from PTA deposit. The chemical analysis resulted in alloy composition of PTA deposit has nominal percentage in comparison with consumable composition while GTA and SMA deposits has high dilution of Fe and Ni.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Deng, H.; Shi, H.; Tsuruoka, S.: Influence of coating thickness and temperature on mechanical properties of steel deposited with Co-based alloy hardfacing coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 204(23), 3927–3934 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. KENNAMETAL: Guidelines for Stellite\(\textregistered \) hardfacing onto steels, page 7 of 7 (2007)

  3. Shin, J.-C.; Doh, J.-M.; Yoon, J.-K.; Lee, D.-Y.; Kim, J.-S.: Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-base Stellite hardfacing alloys. Surf. Coat. Technol. 166(2–3), 117–126 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wu, W.T.; Wu, L.T.: The wear behavior between hardfacing materials. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 27, 36–39 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lolla, T.; Siefert, J.; Babu, S.S.; Gandy, D.: Delamination failures of Stellite hardfacing in power plants: a microstructural characterisation study. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 19(6), 476–486 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nair, R.P.; Griffin, D.; Randall, N.X.: The use of the pin-on-disk tribology test method to study three unique industrial applications. Wear 267(5–8), 823–827 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh, R.; Kumar, D.; Mishra, S.K.; Tiwari, S.K.: Laser cladding of Stellite 6 on stainless steel to enhance solid particle erosion and cavitation resistance. Surf. Coat. Technol. 251, 87–97 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Apay, S.; Gulenc, B.: Wear properties of AISI 1015 steel coated with Stellite 6 by microlaser welding. Mater. Des. 55, 1–8 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jeshvaghani, R.A.; Shamanian, M.; Jaberzadeh, M.: Enhancement of wear resistance of ductile iron surface alloyed by stellite 6. Mater. Des. 32(4), 2028–2033 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bharath, R.R.; Ramanathan, R.; Sundararajan, B.; Srinivasan, P.B.: Optimization of process parameters for deposition of Stellite on X45CrSi93 steel by plasma transferred arc technique. Mater. Des. 29(9), 1725–1731 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gholipour, A.; Shamanian, M.; Ashrafizadeh, F.: Microstructure and wear behaviour of Stellite 6 cladding on 17-4 PH stainless steel. J. Alloys Compd. 509(14), 4905–4909 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yangtao, X.; Tiandong, X.; Yanling, H.: Microstructures comparison of Stellite 6 alloy by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and cast HS111 alloy. Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 38(8), 1333–1337 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lung, L.H.S.; Heijkoop, T.: The influence of scale on friction in hot metal working. Wear 71(1), 93–102 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Munther, P.A.; Lenard, J.G.: The effect of scaling on interfacial friction in hot rolling of steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 88(1–3), 105–113 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Baskaran, S.; Anandakrishnan, V.; Duraiselvam, M.: Investigations on dry sliding wear behavior of in situ casted AA7075-TiC metal matrix composites by using Taguchi technique. Mater. Des. 60, 184–192 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Deng, D.W.; Zhang, C.P.; Chen, R.; Xia, H.F.: Microstructure and microhardness of 17-4PH deposited with Co—based alloy hardfacing coating. Phys. Procedia 50, 177–184 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Luo, F.; Cockburn, A.; Lupoi, R.; Sparkes, M.; O’Neill, W.: Performance comparison of Stellite 6\(\textregistered \) deposited on steel using supersonic laser deposition and laser cladding. Surf. Coat. Technol. 212, 119–127 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Birol, Y.: High temperature sliding wear behaviour of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys. Wear 269(9–10), 664–671 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chakraborty, G.; Kumar, N.; Das, C.R.; Albert, S.K.; Bhaduri, A.K.; Dash, S.; Tyagi, A.K.: Study on microstructure and wear properties of different nickel base hardfacing alloys deposited on austenitic stainless steel. Surf. Coat. Technol. 244, 180–188 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 014, India

    Mohammed Mohaideen Ferozhkhan, Kottaimathan Ganesh Kumar & Rajanbabu Ravibharath

Authors
  1. Mohammed Mohaideen Ferozhkhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kottaimathan Ganesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajanbabu Ravibharath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed Mohaideen Ferozhkhan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ferozhkhan, M.M., Kumar, K.G. & Ravibharath, R. Metallurgical Study of Stellite 6 Cladding on 309-16L Stainless Steel. Arab J Sci Eng 42, 2067–2074 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2457-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2457-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation