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An Advanced Method for Repairing Severely Damaged Beams in Shear with Externally Bonded Steel Plates Using Adhesive and Steel Connectors

  • Research Article - Civil Engineering
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Abstract

Repairing and strengthening of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams using externally bonded (EB) steel plates has gained universal acceptance. The disadvantage of this method, however, is the premature debonding of the externally bonded strip, which is brittle and an undesired mode of failure. It is also known that the debonding failure of EB steel plates prevents the RC beam from reaching its full strengthening capacity. This study aims to increase the scientific understanding of the behaviour of fully damaged RC beams strengthened/retrofitted in shear by means of EB steel plates. It also concentrates on preventing or delaying premature debonding of the adhesively bonded steel plates using new embedded adhesive and steel connectors. To achieve these objectives, seven beams with a deficient shear design were loaded monotonically up to maximum load capacities and repaired using the proposed connectors. One beam was used as a reference beam; the other six damaged beams were repaired with vertical and inclined steel plates. The presence/absence of the new embedded connectors was investigated with these two types of configurations. Theoretical models were also proposed to predict the effective debonding strain and the shear capacities of beam specimens. A comparison among these beams was done to investigate the efficiency of these connectors to enhance the bond strength between the externally bonded steel plates and the concrete surface on the web sides of the repaired RC beams. It is concluded that using steel and adhesive connectors to fix EB steel plates for repairing severely shear-damaged RC beams can delay the premature debonding failure and restore the original shear capacity of the these beams. Finally, the proposed model was satisfactorily verified through the experimental investigations and with the current design guidelines.

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Abbreviations

V n :

Nominal shear force

V c :

Shear resistance of concrete

V ED :

Design value of load effect from shear force

V Rd, max :

Resistance with regard to web shear compression failure

V s :

Contribution to shear resistance from shear reinforcement

V u :

Ultimate shear capacity

V p :

Shear force resisted by the steel plate

V y,link(45) :

Maximum design shear force resisted by shear link

V t,link(θ) :

Shear resisted by shear link

V d :

Design shear force

A s,link :

Cross-sectional area of shear link

A p :

Cross-sectional area of steel plate

A s :

Cross-sectional area of flexural reinforcement

b :

Width of beam

x :

Depth of neutral axis

a,:

Shear span

N :

Number of shear links resisting shear

\({d^{\prime}}\) :

Depth of compression reinforcement (top bar)

E p :

Modulus of elasticity of steel plate

F bu :

Bond strength of concrete

t p :

Thickness of steel plate

b w :

Width of web

d :

Effective height of cross-sectional f t

\({f_{\rm c}^{\prime}}\) :

Concrete compressive strength

f ck :

Characteristic value of concrete compressive strength

f t :

Design value of concrete tensile strength

f sv :

Yield strength of shear reinforcement

f sk :

Characteristic value of ultimate strength

f y :

Yield strength

f yc :

Characteristic value of yield strength

f tk :

Concrete compressive strength based on cylinder test

f t,link :

Tensile strength of shear link

k 1, k 1 :

Modifiable factors from ACI provisions

l t,max:

Maximum effective bond length

l e :

Effective bond length

s p :

Spacing of steel plates

s :

Spacing of shear links

z :

Internal lever arm. Moment arm

\({\beta}\) :

Inclination of shear reinforcement

\({\varepsilon}\) :

Strain

\({\varepsilon_{\rm eff}}\) :

Maximum allowed strain in EB plate

\({\varepsilon_{\rm u}}\) :

Ultimate strain

\({\varepsilon_{\rm y}}\) :

Yield strain

\({\varepsilon_{\rm pd}}\) :

Debonding strain of steel plate

\({\varepsilon_{\rm p}}\) :

Strain of steel plate

\({\theta}\) :

Strut inclination, shear crack inclination

\({{{\rm \rho}}_{{\rm p}}}\) :

Externally reinforcement ratio

G f :

Fracture energy

\({{{\rm \delta}}_{{\rm u}}}\) :

Ultimate displacement

\({{{\rm \delta}}_{{\rm y}}}\) :

Yield displacement

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ali Sami Alshaikhly, Md. Ashraful Alam & Kamal Nasharuddin Mustapha

Authors
  1. Ali Sami Alshaikhly
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  2. Md. Ashraful Alam
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  3. Kamal Nasharuddin Mustapha
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Correspondence to Ali Sami Alshaikhly.

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Alshaikhly, A.S., Alam, M.A. & Mustapha, K.N. An Advanced Method for Repairing Severely Damaged Beams in Shear with Externally Bonded Steel Plates Using Adhesive and Steel Connectors. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 4077–4097 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2079-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2079-5

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