Abstract
For the purpose of examining the settlement behavior of fine-grained soils, a sufficient number of one- and three-dimensional consolidation tests on ten different reconstituted soils were performed in the study. A three-dimensional consolidation test apparatus, which is considered to be a modified form of standard oedometer test apparatus and permits lateral strains to occur, was designed. The consolidation tests were carried out both with standard oedometer and with the new test device so that the effect of different displacement conditions on the test results could be compared. Oedometer tests, by using both the conventional one-dimensional and the new test apparatus, were also carried out with the purpose of understanding the effect of test apparatus on the results. According to the plasticity indexes of the samples, it was found that three-dimensional settlements were greater than one-dimensional settlements at the vertical pressures of 200–300 kPa and higher. The slopes of three-dimensional settlements’ curves were found to be steeper than those determined from standard oedometer curves at the pressures of over 150–200 kPa. When comparing the calculated compression moduli for each group of test results, it was found that the three-dimensional moduli values were 50–75 % of the one-dimensional moduli values. On all of the three-dimensional test results, performed, while the central part was being loaded incrementally, small settlements on the surrounding part were observed. During the removal of the applied loads from the central part, the small settlements reached on the surrounding part approximately remained constant.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- C c :
-
Compression index
- CH:
-
Clays of high plasticity
- CL:
-
Clays of low plasticity
- CL–ML:
-
Clays–silts of low plasticity
- E :
-
One-dimensional compression modulus (assumed small strain)
- E*:
-
Three-dimensional compression modulus
- K 0 :
-
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest
- K A :
-
Active pressure coefficient
- K P :
-
Passive pressure coefficient
- M C :
-
Compression modulus
- MH:
-
Silts of high plasticity
- ML:
-
Silts of low plasticity
- m v :
-
Coefficient of volume compressibility
- P :
-
Vertical pressure
- W L :
-
Liquid limit
- W n :
-
Water content
- W p :
-
Plastic limit
- I c :
-
Consistency index
- I L :
-
Liquidity index
- I p :
-
Plasticity index
- \({\Delta{h}}\) :
-
Settlement
- \({\gamma{s}}\) :
-
Density of soil particles
- \({\upsilon}\) :
-
Poisson’s ratio
- 1-D:
-
One-dimensional
- 3-D:
-
Three-dimensional
References
Schiffman R.L., Chen A.T., Jordan J.C.: An analysis of consolidation theories. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE 95(SM1), 285–312 (1969)
Terzaghi K.: Theoretical Soil Mechanics. Wiley, New York (1943)
Verigin, N.N.: Consolidation of soil under a flexible foundation. (Plane Problem), Osnovaniya i Fundamenti 5, 20–23 (1961) (in Russian)
Biot M.A.: General theory of three-dimensional consolidation. J. Appl. Phys. 12(2), 155–164 (1941)
Duncan J.M.: Limitations of conventional analysis of consolidation settlement. J. Geotechn. Eng. ASCE 119(9), 1333–1359 (1993)
Olson R.E., Ladd C.C.: One-dimensional consolidation problems. J. Geotechn. Eng. Div. ASCE 105(GT1), 11–30 (1979)
Baek W., Moriwaki T.: Internal behavior of clayey ground improved by vertical drains in 3D-consolidation process. Soils Found. Jpn. Geotechn. Soc. 44(3), 25–37 (2004)
Caquot, A.; Kerisel, J.: Traité de Mécanique des Sols, 3e edn. Gauthier-Villars, Paris (1956)
Atkinson J.: The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, London (2007)
Tschebotarioff, G.P.: Effect of boundary conditions on lateral earth pressures. In: Proceedings of Comtes Rendus de la deuxième Conférence International de Mécanique des Sols, tenue a Rotterdam, pp. 308–310 (1948)
Habib, P.; Puyo, A.: Èvaluation des Contraintes Transversales Pendant La Consolidation. In: Proceedings of Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Switzerland, vol. 1, pp. 32–34 (1953)
Kjellman, W.; Jakobson, B.: Some relations between stress and strain in coarse grained materials. In: Proceedings of Royal Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Stockholm (1955)
Adıyaman, İ.B.: Üç Boyutlu Konsolidasyon Deney Sistemi, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul (2005)
Baydoğan, H.: Üç Boyutlu Konsolidasyon, (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul (2007)
Yıldırım, H.; Sezen, A.: Yeni Geliştirilen Deney Aleti ile Laboratuarda Zemin Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Tübitak, Araştırma Projesi (2010)
Craig R.F.: Soil Mechanics, 3rd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, UK (1983)
Skempton A.W.: The consolidation of clays by gravitational compaction. Q. J. Geol. Soc. 125, 373–411 (1970)
Schmertmann J.M.: The undisturbed consolidation of clay. Trans. ASCE 120, 1201–1233 (1955)
Çelebi, A.: Üç Boyutlu Konsolidasyon Deneyleri, (Doktora Tezi), İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yildirim, H., Çelebi, A. A Study with a New Device on Compression Properties of Fine-Grained Reconstituted Soils. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 3793–3805 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1960-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1960-y