Skip to main content
Log in

A New Reactive Routing Algorithm to Improve Capacity and Average End-to-End Delay in MANETs

  • Research Article - Computer Engineering and Computer Science
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Delay and capacity are two important parameters in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Increasing the network capacity almost leads to delay increases, as well. Many recent works have been conducted to achieve both desirable capacity and delay, simultaneously. To achieve such aim, this study proposes a new reactive routing algorithm. This algorithm modifies multi-hop Dynamic Virtual Router algorithm to overcome the performance limits of MANETs. Mobility metrics are defined to estimate the mobility degree of the nodes’ neighborhood. A new route setup process is defined; using the estimated information and a local repair mechanism is also introduced in the new proposed algorithm. In this local repair mechanism, a new route is sought between the repairing node and its next hop on the communication path. Simulation study shows that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network performance, including throughput and delay; so that, the increasing overhead is not remarkable considering the great performance improvement of the algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rubinstein, M.G.; Moraes, I.M.; Campista, M.E.M.; Costa, L.H.M.K.; Duarte, O.C.M.B.: A survey on wireless ad hoc networks. In: Mobile and Wireless Communication Networks, pp. 1–33. Springer, Berlin (2006)

  2. Hoebeke J., Moerman I., Dhoedt B., Demeester P.: An overview of mobile ad hoc networks: applications and challenges. J. Commun. Netw. 3(3), 60–66 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boukerche A., Turgut B., Aydin N., Ahmad M.Z., Bölöni L., Turgut D.: Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 55(13), 3032–3080 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Renu, B.; Pranavi, T.: Routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc network: a review. In: Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness in Heterogeneous Networks, pp. 52–60. Springer, Berlin (2013)

  5. Moghim N., Hendessi F., Movehhedinia N., Gulliver T.A.: Ad-hoc wireless network routing protocols and improved AODV. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 28, 99–114 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gong X., Chandrashekhar T.P.S., Zhang J., Poor H.V.: Opportunistic cooperative networking: to relay or not to relay?. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 307–314 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sharma S., Yi S., Hou Y.T., Sherali H.D., Kompella S., Midkiff S.F.: Joint flow routing and relay node assignment in cooperative multi-hop networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 254–262 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yang D., Fang X., Xue G.: HERA: an optimal relay assignment scheme for cooperative networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 245–253 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Grossglauser M., Tse D.N.C.: Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 10(4), 477–486 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang X., Bei Y., Peng Q., Fu L.: Speed improves delay-capacity trade-off in motioncast. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 22(5), 729–742 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ho Y.H., Ho A.H., Hua K.A.: Connectionless protocol: a localised approach to wireless ad hoc networks. Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput. 2(1), 21–35 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ho A.H., Ho Y.H., Hua K.A.: Handling high mobility in next-generation wireless ad hoc networks. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 23(9-10), 1078–1092 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ho, A.H.; Ho, Y.H.; Hua, K.: Mercury-like routing for high mobility wireless ad hoc networks. In: 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), IEEE, pp. 537–545 (2011)

  14. Gupta P., Kumar P.R.: The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46(2), 388–404 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Bansal, N.; Liu, Z.: Capacity, delay and mobility in wireless ad-hoc networks. Paper presented at the INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies (30 March–3 April 2003)

  16. Perevalov, E.; Blum, R.: Delay limited capacity of ad hoc networks: asymptotically optimal transmission and relaying strategy. Paper presented at the INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies (30 March–3 April 2003)

  17. Neely M.J., Modiano E.: Capacity and delay tradeoffs for ad hoc mobile networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 51(6), 1917–1937 (2005)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. de Moraes, R.M.; Sadjadpour, H.R.; Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J.: Throughput-delay analysis of mobile ad-hoc networks with a multi-copy relaying strategy. Paper presented at the First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, IEEE SECON (4–7 Oct. 2004)

  19. Sharma, G.; Mazumdar, R.: On achievable delay/capacity trade-offs in mobile ad hoc networks. Proceedings of WiOpt (2004)

  20. Li, P.; Fang, Y.; Li, J.: Throughput, Delay, and Mobility in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Paper presented at the Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, San Diego, CA (14–19 March 2010)

  21. Liu J., Jiang X., Nishiyama H., Kato N.: Delay and capacity in ad hoc mobile networks with f-cast relay algorithms. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 10(8), 2738–2751 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, J.; Jiang, X.; Nishiyama, H.; Kato, N.: Capacity vs. delivery delay in MANETs with power control and f-cast relay. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, ON (10–15 June 2012)

  23. Liu, J.; Jiang, X.; Nishiyama, H.; Kato, N.: Exact throughput capacity under power control in mobile ad hoc networks. Paper presented at the Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, FL (25–30 March 2012)

  24. Wang, C.; Ye, B.; Wang, X.; Lu, S.: Throughput capacity in mobile ad-hoc networks with correlated mobility and f-cast relay. Paper presented at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Anaheim, CA (3–7 Dec. 2012)

  25. Qiang, Z.; Hongbo, Z.: An optimized AODV protocol in mobile ad hoc network. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. WiCOM ’08., Dalian (12–14 Oct. 2008)

  26. Prem M.V., Swamynathan S.: Mobile agents for information retrieval: detection and recovery from failures. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(4), 2817–2829 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mosavi M., Shiroie M.: Efficient evolutionary algorithms for GPS satellites classification. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 37(7), 2003–2015 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zaki S.M., Ngadi M., Razak S.A.: Location service protocol for highly mobile ad hoc network. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(2), 861–873 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Enneya, N.; El Koutbi, M.; Berqia, A.: Enhancing AODV performance based on statistical mobility quantification. Paper presented at the Information and Communication Technologies, ICTTA ’06. 2nd, Damascus (2006)

  30. Khamayseh, Y.; Darwish, O.M.; Wedian, S.A.: MA-AODV: mobility aware routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, ICSNC ’09, Porto (20–25 Sept. 2009)

  31. Li, D.; Fu, X.: A revised AODV routing protocol based on the relative mobility of nodes. Paper presented at the IET 3rd International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (ICWMNN 2010), Beijing, China (2010)

  32. Qin D., Sha X., Xu Y.: A fast local routing repair scheme for wireless mobile ad hoc network. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 54(1), 111–122 (2011)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Naidu, P.P.; Chawla, M.: Enhanced ad hoc on demand distance vector local repair trial for MANET. In: Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology. Computer Science and Engineering. pp. 325–334. Springer, Berlin (2012)

  34. Roy R.R.: Handbook of mobile ad hoc networks for mobility models. Springer, Berlin (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cacheda, R.A.; García, D.C.; Cuevas, A.; Castano, F.J.G.; Sánchez, J.H.; Koltsidas, G.; Mancuso, V.; Novella, J.I.M.; Oh, S.; Pantò, A.: QoS requirements for multimedia services. In: Resource Management in Satellite Networks, pp. 67–94. Springer, Berlin (2007)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elahe Ataee Bojd.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bojd, E.A., Moghim, N., Nassiri-Mofakham, F. et al. A New Reactive Routing Algorithm to Improve Capacity and Average End-to-End Delay in MANETs. Arab J Sci Eng 40, 487–499 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1525-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1525-5

Keywords

Navigation