Abstract
Delay and capacity are two important parameters in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Increasing the network capacity almost leads to delay increases, as well. Many recent works have been conducted to achieve both desirable capacity and delay, simultaneously. To achieve such aim, this study proposes a new reactive routing algorithm. This algorithm modifies multi-hop Dynamic Virtual Router algorithm to overcome the performance limits of MANETs. Mobility metrics are defined to estimate the mobility degree of the nodes’ neighborhood. A new route setup process is defined; using the estimated information and a local repair mechanism is also introduced in the new proposed algorithm. In this local repair mechanism, a new route is sought between the repairing node and its next hop on the communication path. Simulation study shows that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network performance, including throughput and delay; so that, the increasing overhead is not remarkable considering the great performance improvement of the algorithm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rubinstein, M.G.; Moraes, I.M.; Campista, M.E.M.; Costa, L.H.M.K.; Duarte, O.C.M.B.: A survey on wireless ad hoc networks. In: Mobile and Wireless Communication Networks, pp. 1–33. Springer, Berlin (2006)
Hoebeke J., Moerman I., Dhoedt B., Demeester P.: An overview of mobile ad hoc networks: applications and challenges. J. Commun. Netw. 3(3), 60–66 (2004)
Boukerche A., Turgut B., Aydin N., Ahmad M.Z., Bölöni L., Turgut D.: Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 55(13), 3032–3080 (2011)
Renu, B.; Pranavi, T.: Routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc network: a review. In: Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness in Heterogeneous Networks, pp. 52–60. Springer, Berlin (2013)
Moghim N., Hendessi F., Movehhedinia N., Gulliver T.A.: Ad-hoc wireless network routing protocols and improved AODV. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 28, 99–114 (2003)
Gong X., Chandrashekhar T.P.S., Zhang J., Poor H.V.: Opportunistic cooperative networking: to relay or not to relay?. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 307–314 (2012)
Sharma S., Yi S., Hou Y.T., Sherali H.D., Kompella S., Midkiff S.F.: Joint flow routing and relay node assignment in cooperative multi-hop networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 254–262 (2012)
Yang D., Fang X., Xue G.: HERA: an optimal relay assignment scheme for cooperative networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 30(2), 245–253 (2012)
Grossglauser M., Tse D.N.C.: Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 10(4), 477–486 (2002)
Wang X., Bei Y., Peng Q., Fu L.: Speed improves delay-capacity trade-off in motioncast. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 22(5), 729–742 (2011)
Ho Y.H., Ho A.H., Hua K.A.: Connectionless protocol: a localised approach to wireless ad hoc networks. Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput. 2(1), 21–35 (2007)
Ho A.H., Ho Y.H., Hua K.A.: Handling high mobility in next-generation wireless ad hoc networks. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 23(9-10), 1078–1092 (2010)
Ho, A.H.; Ho, Y.H.; Hua, K.: Mercury-like routing for high mobility wireless ad hoc networks. In: 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), IEEE, pp. 537–545 (2011)
Gupta P., Kumar P.R.: The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46(2), 388–404 (2000)
Bansal, N.; Liu, Z.: Capacity, delay and mobility in wireless ad-hoc networks. Paper presented at the INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies (30 March–3 April 2003)
Perevalov, E.; Blum, R.: Delay limited capacity of ad hoc networks: asymptotically optimal transmission and relaying strategy. Paper presented at the INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies (30 March–3 April 2003)
Neely M.J., Modiano E.: Capacity and delay tradeoffs for ad hoc mobile networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 51(6), 1917–1937 (2005)
de Moraes, R.M.; Sadjadpour, H.R.; Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J.: Throughput-delay analysis of mobile ad-hoc networks with a multi-copy relaying strategy. Paper presented at the First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, IEEE SECON (4–7 Oct. 2004)
Sharma, G.; Mazumdar, R.: On achievable delay/capacity trade-offs in mobile ad hoc networks. Proceedings of WiOpt (2004)
Li, P.; Fang, Y.; Li, J.: Throughput, Delay, and Mobility in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Paper presented at the Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, San Diego, CA (14–19 March 2010)
Liu J., Jiang X., Nishiyama H., Kato N.: Delay and capacity in ad hoc mobile networks with f-cast relay algorithms. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 10(8), 2738–2751 (2011)
Liu, J.; Jiang, X.; Nishiyama, H.; Kato, N.: Capacity vs. delivery delay in MANETs with power control and f-cast relay. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, ON (10–15 June 2012)
Liu, J.; Jiang, X.; Nishiyama, H.; Kato, N.: Exact throughput capacity under power control in mobile ad hoc networks. Paper presented at the Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, FL (25–30 March 2012)
Wang, C.; Ye, B.; Wang, X.; Lu, S.: Throughput capacity in mobile ad-hoc networks with correlated mobility and f-cast relay. Paper presented at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Anaheim, CA (3–7 Dec. 2012)
Qiang, Z.; Hongbo, Z.: An optimized AODV protocol in mobile ad hoc network. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. WiCOM ’08., Dalian (12–14 Oct. 2008)
Prem M.V., Swamynathan S.: Mobile agents for information retrieval: detection and recovery from failures. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(4), 2817–2829 (2014)
Mosavi M., Shiroie M.: Efficient evolutionary algorithms for GPS satellites classification. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 37(7), 2003–2015 (2012)
Zaki S.M., Ngadi M., Razak S.A.: Location service protocol for highly mobile ad hoc network. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(2), 861–873 (2014)
Enneya, N.; El Koutbi, M.; Berqia, A.: Enhancing AODV performance based on statistical mobility quantification. Paper presented at the Information and Communication Technologies, ICTTA ’06. 2nd, Damascus (2006)
Khamayseh, Y.; Darwish, O.M.; Wedian, S.A.: MA-AODV: mobility aware routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, ICSNC ’09, Porto (20–25 Sept. 2009)
Li, D.; Fu, X.: A revised AODV routing protocol based on the relative mobility of nodes. Paper presented at the IET 3rd International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (ICWMNN 2010), Beijing, China (2010)
Qin D., Sha X., Xu Y.: A fast local routing repair scheme for wireless mobile ad hoc network. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 54(1), 111–122 (2011)
Naidu, P.P.; Chawla, M.: Enhanced ad hoc on demand distance vector local repair trial for MANET. In: Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology. Computer Science and Engineering. pp. 325–334. Springer, Berlin (2012)
Roy R.R.: Handbook of mobile ad hoc networks for mobility models. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Cacheda, R.A.; García, D.C.; Cuevas, A.; Castano, F.J.G.; Sánchez, J.H.; Koltsidas, G.; Mancuso, V.; Novella, J.I.M.; Oh, S.; Pantò, A.: QoS requirements for multimedia services. In: Resource Management in Satellite Networks, pp. 67–94. Springer, Berlin (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bojd, E.A., Moghim, N., Nassiri-Mofakham, F. et al. A New Reactive Routing Algorithm to Improve Capacity and Average End-to-End Delay in MANETs. Arab J Sci Eng 40, 487–499 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1525-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1525-5