Abstract
Smart antenna systems are rapidly emerging as one of the key technologies that can enhance overall wireless communications system performance. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel adaptive beamforming system from two adaptive algorithms that are known in the literature as spatial filters. Our adaptive beamforming algorithm is a combination of the direct matrix inversion (DMI) and the recursive least square (RLS). This combination is called DMI–RLS and is used to calculate iteratively the optimum weights of smart antenna array and to ensure a possible faster convergence. Simulation data used for a uniform linear array antenna as an application verifies the accuracy of the analytical results. The performance of the DMI–RLS algorithm is also compared with the conventional RLS algorithm ones. From the simulation results, we noticed that, in the main, the performances of the DMI–RLS algorithm are sturdier than those of the conventional RLS algorithm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zooghby A. El.: Smart Antenna Engineering. Artech House. Inc., Norwood, London (2005)
Godara L.C.: Smart Antennas. CRC Press. Boca Raton, USA (2004)
Robbins D., Amin M.G.: Testing of smart antenna systems. Microw. J. Int. Ed. 42(1), 112–119 (1999)
Godara L.C.: Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications. II. Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations. Proc. IEEE 85(8), 1195–1245 (1997)
Alexiou A., Haardt M.: Smart antenna technologies for future wireless systems: Trends and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(9), 90–97 (2004)
Hall P.S., Vetterlein S.J.: Review of radio frequency beamforming techniques for scanned and multiple beam antennas. IEE Proceedings H (Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation), 137(5), 293–303 (1990)
Jie L., Jian-wu Z.: The adaptive algorithms of the smart antenna system in 3G wireless communication systems. Proceeding of the 6 th International Conference on Signal Processing. 2, 1664–1667 (2002)
Candido R., Silva M.T.M., Nascimento V.H.: Transient and steady-state analysis of the affine combination of two adaptive filters. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 58(8), 4064–4078 (2010)
Mosleh, M.F.; AL-Nakkash, A.H.: Combination of LMS and RLS adaptive equalizer for selective fading channel. Eur J Sci Res ISSN. 127–137 (2010)
Srar, J,; Chung K.S: Adaptive RLMS algorithm for antenna array beamforming. In: Proceedings of TENCON 2009, IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp.1–6 (2009)
Srar J., Chung K.S., Mansour A.: Adaptive array beamforming using a combined LMS-LMS algorithm. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation. 58(11), 3545–3557 (2010)
Shankar Kumar, K. R.; Gunasekaran, T.: Performance analysis of adaptive beamforming algorithms for microstrip smart antennas. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Commun. Technol. 2 (1) (2009)
Balanis C.A., Ioannides P.I.: Introduction to smart antennas. Synthesis Lectures on Antennas. 2(1), 1–175 (2007)
Das, S.: Smart antenna design for wireless communication using adaptive beam-forming approach. In: Proceedings of TENCON 2008. IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE (2008)
Godara L.C.: Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications. Part I: Performance improvement, feasibility, and system considerations. Proc. IEEE. 85(7), 1031–1060 (1997)
Gross F.B.: Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications with MATLAB. McGraw-Hill, New York (2005)
Widrow B., Mantey P.E., Griffiths L.J., Goode P.B.: Adaptive antennas systems. Proc.IEEE. 55, 2143–2158 (1967)
Zhigang R., Paul P., Theodore S.R., Jeffrey H.R.: Despread–Respread multi-target constant modulus array for CDMA systems. IEEE Commun. Lett. 1(4), 114–116 (1997)
Fernandez J., Corden J.R., Barrett M.: Adaptive array algorithms for optimal combining in digital mobile communications systems. In: Eighth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEE Conference Publication. 370(2), 983–986 (1993)
Santhi Rani C.H., Subbaiah P.V., Reddy K.C., Rani S.S.: LMS and RLS algorithms for smart antennas in a W-CDMA mobile communication environment. Journal of engineering and applied sciences. 4(6), 77–88 (2009)
Jay Guo Y.: Advances in Mobile Radio Access Networks. Artech House. Inc., Norwood, London(2004)
Ali R.L., Khan S. A., Ali A., Malik S.A.: A robust least mean square algorithm for adaptive array signal processing. Wireless Pers. Commun. 68(4), 1449–1461 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naceur, A., Merahi, B. & Abdelmalik, TA. A Combined DMI–RLS Algorithm in Adaptive Processing Antenna System. Arab J Sci Eng 39, 7109–7116 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1230-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1230-4